RAPID: Baseline Survey of Asylum Seekers in Germany

RAPID：德国寻求庇护者的基线调查

• 批准号: 1624048
• 负责人: David Laitin
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1624048&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Baseline; Survey; Asylum; Seekers

European governments are currently facing the largest refugee crisis since the Second World War. In 2014, Europe registered approximately 567,000 new asylum claims, a figure which has since been surpassed by the total intake between January and July of 2015. Given that the crisis in the Middle East shows no signs of abating, these population flows can be expected to continue, placing significant pressure on European governments. This massive influx of asylum seekers has resulted in severe political fallout in many European countries. Although refugee integration has been a long-standing and pressing goal, scholars and policymakers have strong opinions but little evidence on how best to bring it out about. This research will collect new evidence and apply innovative techniques to assess which policies promote the successful social, political, and economic integration of refugees into host countries and which measures are likely to fail or backfire. Germany is the focus of the study since it is the European country that has received by far the largest number of recent refugees. Using a mobile messaging application (WhatsApp) and working with local governments and NGOs, a large panel of recently arrived asylum seekers in Germany will be created to provide timely understanding of how policy parameters impact refugee integration. The distinguishing feature of our project is that we will provide the research and policy community with two important tools. First, for researchers we will test and assess a new panel recruitment and retention approach via WhatsApp that can be used with a highly mobile population. Second, for policymakers we will provide systematic information about the current situation and perspectives of asylum seekers in Europe. Longer-term the study will inform policy discussion by providing systematic evidence on the impact of asylum procedures and programs for the subsequent integration of refugees. Additionally, taking advantage of what we learn from Germany, we will be able to apply this knowledge to the US case. Unfortunately, there is insufficient experimentation in the US to allow for policy guidance. We must therefore rely on findings from cases where experimentation is prevalent. Hopefully, the lessons gleaned from the analysis of the varied programs in Europe will be useful for American policy makers as they confront similar security and economic challenges with increasing numbers of refugees arriving on our shores.Systematically evaluating the impact of a plethora of asylum seeker and refugee integration policies provides important contributions to existing immigration research across a range of social science fields: 1) it expands the scope of advanced econometric and experimental methods to a new policy area in order to produce internally valid evidence on the impact of integration policies; and 2) it advances understanding of the impact of policy beyond that of economic success by incorporating political and social outcomes for these highly vulnerable populations. These two contributions can help build a basic understanding of the conditions favorable for the integration of asylum seekers and refugees, which is currently absent from both the academic and policy literature.

欧洲各国政府目前正面临二战以来最大的难民危机。2014年，欧洲登记了大约56.7万份新的庇护申请，这一数字已经超过了2015年1月至7月的总接收量。鉴于中东危机没有缓和的迹象，预计这些人口流动将继续下去，给欧洲各国政府带来巨大压力。寻求庇护者的大量涌入在许多欧洲国家造成了严重的政治后果。尽管难民融合是一个长期而紧迫的目标，但学者和政策制定者对如何最好地实现这一目标有着强烈的意见，但几乎没有证据。这项研究将收集新的证据并应用创新技术来评估哪些政策可以促进难民成功地融入东道国的社会、政治和经济，以及哪些措施可能会失败或适得其反。德国是这项研究的重点，因为它是迄今为止接收最多难民的欧洲国家。利用一个移动的信息应用程序（WhatsApp），并与地方政府和非政府组织合作，将建立一个由最近抵达德国的寻求庇护者组成的大型小组，以便及时了解政策参数如何影响难民融合。我们项目的显著特点是，我们将为研究和政策界提供两个重要工具。首先，对于研究人员，我们将通过WhatsApp测试和评估一种新的小组招募和保留方法，该方法可用于高度移动的人群。第二，我们将为政策制定者提供有关欧洲寻求庇护者现状和前景的系统信息。从长远来看，这项研究将为政策讨论提供信息，提供有关庇护程序和方案对难民随后融入社会的影响的系统证据。此外，利用我们从德国学到的知识，我们将能够将这些知识应用于美国的案例。不幸的是，美国没有足够的实验来提供政策指导。因此，我们必须依靠实验盛行的案例的结果。希望，从欧洲各种项目的分析中收集的经验教训将有助于美国的政策制定者，因为他们面临着类似的安全和经济挑战，越来越多的难民抵达我们的海岸。系统地评估过多的寻求庇护者和难民融合政策的影响提供了重要的贡献，现有的移民研究在一系列社会科学领域：（1）它将先进的计量经济学和实验方法的范围扩大到一个新的政策领域，以便就一体化政策的影响提供内部有效的证据;（2）它通过纳入对这些高度弱势群体的政治和社会成果，促进了对政策影响的理解，而不仅仅是对经济成功的理解。这两项贡献可以帮助人们对有利于寻求庇护者和难民融入社会的条件有一个基本的了解，而目前学术和政策文献中都缺乏这一点。