Asylum Seeker and Refugee Integration in Europe

这项研究旨在确定哪些政策最适合于促进难民的社会和经济融合。尽管这一问题很重要，但现有的研究未能为政策提供信息，因为它往往依赖于高度综合的国家模式，这些模式根据各国是支持同化政策还是多元文化政策来区分各国。本研究的PI集中在三个国家的地方-德国，法国和瑞士-并为每一个，评估具体政策的融合成功的影响。具体而言，它们侧重于政策的四个关键要素：1）影响庇护申请处理时间长短的官僚协议，2）难民的地理分配，3）构建难民获得公共福利和劳动力市场的政策，以及4）政府投资的回报。以及这些是否对移民在东道国的成功有重要影响。该研究利用识别策略来确定各种政策对后续整合结果的因果影响，这是一个至关重要的关注所有欧洲和北美国家。技术摘要这种系统的评估影响难民融合政策提供了重要贡献，现有的移民研究（1）将先进的计量经济学和实验方法应用于新的政策领域，以产生内部有效的证据;（2）通过直接衡量高度弱势群体的政治和社会成果，促进对经济成功以外的一体化成果的理解。从方法上讲，项目执行人利用行政和调查数据提供的关于难民结果的详细数据，重点确定四个因素的影响：（一）影响处理庇护申请所需时间长短的政策措施;（二）难民的地理分配;（三）难民获得政府福利和劳动力市场的结构性政策;（四）难民获得政府福利和劳动力市场的政策。以及（iv）管理融合课程要求的法规（如语言、公民或就业市场培训）。

General SummaryThis research seeks to establish which policies are best suited to promote the social and economic integration of refugees. Despite the importance of this question, extant research fails to inform policy, as it tends to rely on highly aggregated national models that differentiate countries based on whether they espouse assimilationist or multicultural policies. The PIs of this study focus on localities in three countries - Germany, France, and Switzerland - and for each, evaluate the effects of specific policies on integration success. In particular, they focus on four key elements of policy: 1) bureaucratic protocols that affect the length of time it takes for asylum claims to be processed, 2) the geographic allocation of refugees 3) policies that structure refugees' access to public benefits and the labor market, and 4) the returns to government investments in state-run courses in citizenship, and whether these are consequential for immigrant success in the host country. The study leverages identification strategies to identify causally the impact of various policies on subsequent integration outcomes, which is a crucial concern for all European and North American countries.Technical SummaryThis systematic evaluation of the impact of refugee integration policies provides important contributions to existing immigration research by (1) applying advanced econometric and experimental methods to a new policy area in order to produce internally-valid evidence; and 2) advancing understanding of integration outcomes beyond economic success by directly measuring political and social outcomes for highly vulnerable populations. Methodologically, the PIs leverage detailed data on refugee outcomes provided by administrative and survey data to focus on identifying the effect of four factors: (i) policy measures that affect the length of time it takes for asylum claims to be processed; (ii) geographic allocation of refugees; (iii) policies that structure refugees' access to governmental benefits and the labor market; and (iv) regulations that govern integration course requirements (such as language, civic, or job market training).