DMREF: Collaborative Research: Design of Active Ink for 3D Printing: Integrating Modeling and Experiments

DMREF：协作研究：3D 打印活性墨水设计：建模与实验相结合

• 批准号: 1626742
• 负责人: Anna Balazs
• 金额: $ 27.75万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1626742&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DMREF; Collaborative; Research; Design; Active

This award supports a multidisciplinary team of four investigators using modeling, analysis, computer simulations, and experiments to study using suspensions of active particles to enhance the properties of inks for applications in 3D printing. Active materials represented by suspensions of synthetic self-propelled particles harvest energy from their environment and alter the properties of the surrounding fluid. They have novel materials properties and promising applications. Here, a new concept of ink for 3D printing, termed "active ink", is introduced. Even a small fraction of active self-propelled particles in a fluid results in a dramatic reduction of viscosity, enhancing ink transport through the nozzle and increasing printing speed. This project will facilitate the design and manufacture of new materials, significantly shortening the path from prototype to product. This research will also enable a highly multidisciplinary training and education of students and postdocs who will learn theoretical techniques in applied mathematics and computations, as well as experimental techniques employed in chemistry and nanofabrication. Apart from the development of new 3D printing technology, the work will lead to novel mathematical models and efficient computational algorithms.A drastic reduction of effective viscosity and increase of self-diffusivity of the active ink due to the presence of synthetic self-propelled particles will be studied. The reduction of the effective viscosity will enhance ink transport through the nozzle. The increase of the effective self-diffusivity will enable faster polymerization resulting in resolution enhancement and more accurate 3D feature design. In addition, due to their fundamentally different response to applied shear flow, the use of active particles may lead to the design of composite materials with novel distributions of particles. The functionalization of active particles also will allow tuning the properties of the hardened polymer. New mathematical models will be developed and analyzed both numerically and analytically. Their predictions will be experimentally verified. The continuum partial differential equation model based on kinetic theory will be analyzed asymptotically and numerically. A key challenge here is to find stationary flow solutions by employing methods from fixed-point and topological degree theory. In simulations of particle-based models, the challenge is to accurately capture the dynamics of the reaction that occurs as the active rods move. A difficulty in simulations of the continuum model is incorporating the molecular-scale reactions into a mesoscale approach. By addressing these challenges, the utility and applicability of these computational methods will be significantly expanded, allowing them to be used for simulating a broad range of multi-component, dynamical systems.

该奖项使用建模，分析，计算机模拟和实验来支持一个由四名研究者组成的多学科团队，以使用活动粒子的悬浮液进行研究，以增强INK的特性，以在3D打印中应用。 由合成自螺旋体悬浮液从其环境中收集能量并改变周围流体的特性的活性材料。 他们具有新颖的材料特性和有希望的应用。 在这里，引入了一个新的用于3D打印的墨水概念，称为“活动墨水”。 即使是流体中的一小部分活动的自螺旋体颗粒也会显着降低粘度，从而增强了通过喷嘴的墨水传输并提高打印速度。 该项目将促进新材料的设计和制造，从而大大缩短从原型到产品的路径。 这项研究还将对学生和博士后进行高度多学科的培训和教育，他们将学习应用数学和计算方面的理论技术，以及在化学和纳米制动中采用的实验技术。 除了开发新的3D打印技术外，这项工作还将导致新颖的数学模型和有效的计算算法。由于存在合成的自我透明粒子的存在，因此有效粘度的大幅度降低了，有效粘液的增加和自我扩张性的增加。 有效粘度的降低将增强通过喷嘴的墨水传输。 有效的自扩散率的增加将使聚合更快，从而导致分辨率增强和更准确的3D特征设计。 另外，由于它们对应用剪切流的根本不同的响应，因此使用活性颗粒的使用可能会导致具有新型颗粒分布的复合材料的设计。 活性颗粒的功能化还将允许调整硬化聚合物的性能。 将在数值和分析上开发和分析新的数学模型。 他们的预测将经过实验验证。 基于动力学理论的连续部分偏微分方程模型将渐近和数值分析。 这里的主要挑战是通过采用定点和拓扑学理论的方法来找到固定流动解决方案。 在基于粒子模型的模拟中，挑战是准确捕获随着活动棒的移动而发生的反应动力学。 连续模型的模拟困难是将分子尺度反应纳入中尺度方法。 通过解决这些挑战，这些计算方法的实用性和适用性将大大扩展，从而可以用于模拟广泛的多组分，动力学系统。