Labor Market Insecurity and Perceived Employability

劳动力市场的不安全感和就业能力感知

• 批准号: 1626886
• 负责人: Arne Kalleberg
• 金额: $ 9.33万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1626886&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Labor; Market; Insecurity; Perceived; Employability

SES-1626886Arne KallebergLindsey KingUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillAs employment becomes more precarious and uncertain, workers are consistently advised to keep themselves sought-after in the labor market. Hence, perceived employability, or workers' beliefs in their ability to find an acceptable job, emerges as a fundamental issue for contemporary labor market research. Employed workers experience less stress when they are confident they can find a new, comparable job if they lose their present one. Unemployed workers who feel they are employable are more motivated to keep searching for jobs. While perceived employability is influenced by individuals' attributes, societal contexts also affect it. This project examines how country differences in labor market institutions and public policies are related to employed and unemployed workers' perceptions of their employability. The investigators hypothesize that perceived employability is bolstered by policies that promote labor market flexibility or help workers gain marketable skills, net of economic conditions. Understanding how these institutions and policies affect individuals' perceptions helps to comprehend better how social contexts matter for people's psychological well-being and career outcomes. This knowledge is essential for designing effective social and economic policies intended to help individuals manage the risks associated with the increasing uncertainty characterizing labor markets; it is also crucial for informing individuals' decisions about educational and training alternatives that are likely to help them to secure meaningful and rewarding jobs. Thus, the researchers will share the results of the project with policy-makers as well as both employed and unemployed individuals, in addition to scholars studying labor markets, work, and inequality.How do workers perceive their ability to find work, and how do labor market policies shape this evaluation? Existing research suggests that both economic and regulatory conditions shape workers' evaluations of their employment prospects. Workers in market-oriented economies tend to be more confident in their employability than those in rigid labor markets, where labor market transitions from job to job or unemployment to employment are more difficult. This pilot study examines the relationship between labor market policies that facilitate transitions into new jobs and workers' perceptions of their employability. The research has two main objectives. First, the investigators use international survey data from Europe, East Asia, North America, and Oceania to examine the links between policy and perceived employability among both employed and unemployed workers. They hypothesize that perceived employability will be greater when unemployment is low, labor markets are flexible, and when countries provide support that helps workers become re-employed. Second, the researchers use longitudinal panel data from the United Kingdom to assess how employability perceptions impact the likelihood of future employment among unemployed workers.

随着就业变得更加不稳定和不确定，工人们一直被建议在劳动力市场上保持自己的地位。因此，感知的就业能力，或工人的信念，他们有能力找到一个可接受的工作，成为当代劳动力市场研究的一个基本问题。当就业者有信心在失去现有工作的情况下找到一份新的、类似的工作时，他们的压力就小了。失业的工人如果觉得自己有工作能力，就更有动力继续找工作。虽然就业能力受个人属性的影响，但社会环境也会影响就业能力。本项目研究了劳动力市场制度和公共政策的国家差异如何与就业和失业工人对就业能力的看法有关。研究人员假设，就业能力受到促进劳动力市场灵活性或帮助工人获得市场技能的政策的支持，经济条件。了解这些制度和政策如何影响个人的看法，有助于更好地理解社会环境如何影响人们的心理健康和职业成果。这方面的知识对于设计有效的社会和经济政策至关重要，这些政策旨在帮助个人管理与劳动力市场日益增加的不确定性相关的风险;这对于个人就可能帮助他们获得有意义和有回报的工作的教育和培训选择做出决定也至关重要。因此，研究人员将与政策制定者、就业者和失业者以及研究劳动力市场、工作和不平等的学者分享项目的结果。劳动者如何看待自己的就业能力，劳动力市场政策如何影响这种评价？现有的研究表明，经济和监管条件都会影响工人对就业前景的评估。市场导向经济体的工人往往比刚性劳动力市场的工人对自己的就业能力更有信心，在刚性劳动力市场中，从一份工作到另一份工作或从失业到就业的劳动力市场过渡更加困难。本试点研究考察了促进向新工作过渡的劳动力市场政策与工人对其就业能力的看法之间的关系。 这项研究有两个主要目标。首先，研究人员使用来自欧洲，东亚，北美和大洋洲的国际调查数据来研究政策与就业和失业工人之间的就业能力之间的联系。他们假设，当失业率低，劳动力市场灵活，国家提供支持，帮助工人重新就业时，感知的就业能力会更大。其次，研究人员使用英国的纵向面板数据来评估就业能力认知如何影响失业工人未来就业的可能性。