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Collaborative Research: Evolutionary Significance of Biotic Interactions: A Comparative Study Utilizing Echinoid Associated Traces

合作研究：生物相互作用的进化意义：利用海胆相关痕迹的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
1630276
负责人：
Roger Portell
金额：
$ 23万
依托单位：
University of Florida
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1630276&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Evolutionary Significance Biotic

项目摘要

Predators often leave distinct marks on prey skeletons, including tooth marks, fractures, scars, and drill holes. Fossils that contain those distinct marks can be used to explore the role of predation over the span of millions of years. To date, research on the fossil record of predation has centered mainly on mollusks: snails, clams, and their relatives. The proposed project will expand the history of predation beyond mollusks, and assess the impact of predation on sea urchins, sand dollars, and other echinoids. Echinoids are a commercially important group of animals and a major food source for many marine predators. This project aims to develop a global reference system for identifying traces left by predators on echinoid prey, which is expected to stimulate echinoid research on both modern and ancient ecosystems. Once assembled, the database will then be used to study the impact of predators on the evolution of echinoids over the last 100 million years, during which, they have diversified and become a critical part of the marine biosphere.Neontological museum collections in conjunction with the literature will be used to codify trace characteristics of various types of interactions (predation, parasitism, commensalism, etc.) that affect modern echinoids. The resultant database will include data on the identity/ecology of trace makers, identity/ecology/phylogeny of affected echinoids, and morphology, frequency, and distribution of traces. The database will then be used to explore the fossil record, and evaluate hypotheses regarding the relative evolutionary importance of select types of biotic interactions affecting the ecology and evolutionary history of echinoids.Results will be publicly available through museum activities, activity kits for middle school students, and teaching tools in the Florida Museum of Natural History Educator Resource program.

捕食者经常在猎物的骨骼上留下明显的痕迹，包括齿痕、骨折、疤痕和钻孔。含有这些独特标记的化石可以用来探索数百万年来捕食的作用。迄今为止，对捕食化石记录的研究主要集中在软体动物：蜗牛，蛤蜊和它们的亲戚。拟议的项目将扩大捕食软体动物以外的历史，并评估捕食对海胆，沙元和其他海胆的影响。海胆是一类重要的商业动物，也是许多海洋捕食者的主要食物来源。该项目旨在开发一个全球参考系统，用于识别捕食者在海胆猎物上留下的痕迹，预计这将刺激对现代和古代生态系统的海胆研究。一旦数据库建立起来，它将被用来研究捕食者在过去1亿年里对棘球蚴进化的影响，在此期间，棘球蚴已经多样化并成为海洋生物圈的重要组成部分。新生物博物馆的收藏将与文献一起用于编纂各种类型相互作用（捕食，寄生，寄生等）的痕迹特征。影响了现代的海胆。由此产生的数据库将包括关于痕迹标记的身份/生态学、受影响的棘球蚴的身份/生态学/生殖学以及痕迹的形态、频率和分布的数据。该数据库将被用来探索化石记录，并评估假设的相对进化的重要性，选择类型的生物相互作用影响的生态和进化史的echinoids。结果将公开提供通过博物馆活动，活动包中学生，并在佛罗里达自然历史博物馆教育资源计划的教学工具。