Doctoral Dissertation Research: Organizational Emergence in the Era of Racial Risk: The Black Guerilla Family and the Aryan Brotherhood in California

博士论文研究：种族风险时代的组织兴起：加利福尼亚州的黑人游击队家族和雅利安兄弟会

• 批准号: 1703056
• 负责人: John Hagan
• 金额: $ 1.11万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1703056&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Organizational; Emergence

Organizational Emergence in the Era of Racial Risk: the Rise of the Black Guerilla Family and Aryan Brotherhood in CaliforniaThis project will advance our understanding of the prison social system and its affect on prison gang development by focusing on inter-organizational relations and racial coercion within the prison environment. Using the development of the Black Guerilla Family and the Aryan Brotherhood in the California prison system as comparative case studies, the project will answer four interrelated questions: (1) How does social control in the prison organizational field coercively influence prison gang development? (2) What coercive processes propel conflict or cohesion between racial groups in prison and how does this impact prison gang development? (3) How does an organization?s relationship to prison staff affect their development? and (4) How do social, political, and economic changes in society affect the prison organizational field and its influence on prison gang development? Understanding the prison organizational field and its connections with prison gang development will provide support for improving prison conditions and reducing the discriminate use of extreme punishment techniques such as indeterminate solitary confinement. Study results will also contribute to our understanding of the consequences of deprivation and racial coercion on staff-prisoner and prisoner-prisoner relations, revealing how prisoner and staff efforts to mitigate risk and manage threats can actually lead to cyclical, racialized violence and fuel prison gang development.The project takes a comparative historical approach and uses 42 interviews and approximately 600 archival documents about the prison environment and prison gangs in Northern California, social and political movements in California, and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The investigator will conduct 28 interviews to expand a preliminary dataset that consists of (A) 14 interviews with Black Guerilla Family founders and early members, formerly incarcerated men in Northern California, and social and political activists from the Bay Area and (B) archival documents and surveys collected from 8 archives: California State Archives, UC-Berkeley?s Bancroft Library, Stanford University?s Green Library, Golden State University School of Law Digital Archive, the Freedom Archives, Michigan State University Black Panther Archive, the Federal Bureau of Investigation Vault, and the It?s About Time Black Panther Archive. These documents include federal investigations, internal CDCR investigations and memos, California legislative hearings, prison incident reports, prisoner letters and private correspondence, prisoner newsletters, reports from social and political organizations, prisoner and prison staff memoirs, federal court case transcripts, and state court case transcripts. The additional 28 interviews will be conducted with members of the Black Guerilla Family, the Aryan Brotherhood, correctional officers, and formerly incarcerated men. The project is divided into three time periods to ascertain how these processes affect prison gang development over time. The time periods examined are 1961-1971, 1971-1990, and 1990-2000, which allow the study to measure organizational development across the turbulent social and political change of the 1960s, the war on drugs and the massive influx of prisoners in California in the 1970s and 1980s, and the effects of mass incarceration as seen in the 1990s.

种族风险时代的组织出现：加州黑人游击队家族和雅利安兄弟会的崛起该项目将通过关注监狱环境中的组织间关系和种族胁迫，增进我们对监狱社会制度及其对监狱帮派发展的影响的理解。 该项目以加州监狱系统中黑人游击家族和雅利安兄弟会的发展为比较案例，回答四个相互关联的问题：（1）监狱组织领域的社会控制如何强制影响监狱帮派的发展？ (2) 哪些强制程序会推动监狱中种族群体之间的冲突或凝聚力？这如何影响监狱帮派的发展？ (3) 组织与监狱工作人员的关系如何影响他们的发展？ （4）社会、政治、经济的变化如何影响监狱组织领域及其对监狱帮派发展的影响？ 了解监狱组织领域及其与监狱帮派发展的联系将为改善监狱条件和减少歧视性使用无限期单独监禁等极端惩罚手段提供支持。 研究结果还将有助于我们了解剥夺和种族胁迫对工作人员与囚犯以及囚犯与囚犯关系的影响，揭示囚犯和工作人员为减轻风险和管理威胁而做出的努力实际上如何导致周期性、种族化暴力并助长监狱帮派的发展。该项目采用比较历史方法，使用了 42 次访谈和大约 600 份档案文件，内容涉及北加州的监狱环境和监狱帮派、加州的社会和政治运动、 以及加州惩教与康复部。 调查员将进行 28 次访谈，以扩展初步数据集，其中包括 (A) 对黑人游击家族创始人和早期成员、北加州前被监禁男子以及湾区社会和政治活动家的 14 次访谈，以及 (B) 从 8 个档案馆收集的档案文件和调查：加州档案馆、加州大学伯克利分校班克罗夫特图书馆、斯坦福大学绿色图书馆、金州大学学校 法律数字档案馆、自由档案馆、密歇根州立大学黑豹档案馆、联邦调查局金库和黑豹档案馆。这些文件包括联邦调查、CDCR 内部调查和备忘录、加州立法听证会、监狱事件报告、囚犯信件和私人信件、囚犯通讯、社会和政治组织的报告、囚犯和监狱工作人员回忆录、联邦法院案件笔录和州法院案件笔录。 另外 28 次采访将针对黑人游击队家族、雅利安兄弟会、惩教人员和前被监禁人员的成员进行。 该项目分为三个时间段，以确定这些过程如何影响监狱帮派随着时间的推移的发展。研究的时间段为 1961-1971 年、1971-1990 年和 1990-2000 年，这使得该研究能够衡量 20 世纪 60 年代动荡的社会和政治变革、1970 年代和 1980 年代加州的毒品战争和囚犯大量涌入以及 1990 年代大规模监禁的影响下的组织发展。