EPRI/WERF: Collaborative Research: Electrical percolation in flowable electrodes for energy-efficient water re-use applications

项目名称：Kelsey Hatzell/Marta Hatzell提案编号：1706956/1706290越来越需要开发低成本和模块化的水再利用系统，以促进工业、市政、农业和能源生产场所排放的水的最佳回收和处理。优化用水的目标策略可以显著缓解食物-能源-水关系核心的压力。发展新的水去离子技术以满足分散的需求对水的可持续性至关重要。电容去离子是一种低能耗、低成本的处理微咸水的电化学方法。然而，这种方法有一些基本的限制，因为这个过程不是连续的。在这个项目中，研究了一种新的基于流动电极的结构，作为连续和可扩展的去离子化和能量回收的手段。研究人员计划与当地组织（乔治亚实习教师奖学金和范德比尔特科学与数学学院）合作，设计一个关于咸淡水处理的体验课程，以提高东南地区的水素养。该项目的目标是促进对离子去除过程中可流动电极结构设计的基本理解。pi计划研究用于水处理的流动电极电容去离子（FCDI）的概念。FCDI系统有三个流动通道，其中两个用于运输悬浮活性炭颗粒，去除或电吸附离子，还有一个中心通道用于引导给水。迄今为止，很少有研究探索促进流动电极内有效电荷转移和储存的基本机制。具体来说，了解流体力学对可流动电极的影响及其对形成和破坏或渗透网络的影响，可以潜在地提高材料利用率并控制电化学渗透深度。pi试图定义一个新的理论框架来描述粒子水平上的充电和电子传导过程，以阐明促进节能离子去除过程的理想操作条件。pi将使用计算流体力学、先进的原位表征和实验规模实验来研究流动电极中碳颗粒的渗透网络，以获得有关这种新兴去离子技术的新的基础和应用知识。通过先进的基于同步加速器的技术，可流动电极渗透网络的电学，力学和微观结构特性将得到直接的询问。这项工作有可能指导设计一种新的水净化过程，并可能对涉及能源储存、能源转换和海水淡化的其他环境技术具有更广泛的相关性。

PI Name: Kelsey Hatzell/Marta HatzellProposal Number: 1706956/1706290 There is a growing need to develop low cost and modular water reuse systems to promote optimal reclamation and treatment of discharged water from industrial, municipal, agricultural and energy generation sites. Targeting strategies that optimize water usage could significantly alleviate stresses at the core of the food-energy-water nexus. The development of new water deionization technologies which can be easily scaled to meet the decentralized demands is imperative for water sustainability. Capacitive deionization is a cost effective and low energy electrochemical approach for treating brackish water streams; however, there are fundamental limitations to this approach because the process is not continuous. In this project a novel flow-electrode-based architecture is examined as a means for both continuous and scalable deionization and energy recovery. The researchers plan to collaborate with local organizations (Georgia Intern Fellowship for Teachers and Vanderbilt School for Science and Math) in order to design an experiential curriculum on brackish water treatment to increase water literacy in the Southeast. The objective of this project is to advance fundamental understanding of the design of flowable electrode architectures for ion removal processes. The PIs plan to study the concept of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) for water treatment. FCDI systems have three flow channels, two of which serve to transport suspended activated carbon particles, which remove or electroadsorb ions, and a center channel where the feedwater is directed. To date, few studies have explored the fundamental mechanisms which promote efficient charge transfer and storage within flow electrodes. Specifically, understanding the influence of hydrodynamics within a flowable electrode and its effect on the formation and disruption or percolation networks can potentially increase material utilization and control electrochemical penetration depths. The PIs seek to define a new theoretical framework to describe charging and electron conduction processes at the particle-particle level in order to elucidate idealized operating conditions that promote energy efficient ion removal processes. The PIs will investigate the percolation network of carbon particles in a flow electrode using computational fluid mechanics, advanced in-situ characterization, and bench scale experimentation to obtain new fundamental and applied knowledge regarding this emerging deionization technology. Direct interrogation of the electrical, mechanical and microstructural properties of flowable electrode percolation networks will be obtained through advanced synchrotron-based techniques. The work has the potential to guide the design of a new process for water purification and may have broader relevance for other environmental technologies involving energy storage, energy conversion, and desalination.