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The effect of environmental conditions at particle genesis stage of secondary organic aerosol formation

二次有机气溶胶形成颗粒发生阶段环境条件的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1709751
负责人：
Giuseppe Petrucci
金额：
$ 40.86万
依托单位：
University of Vermont & State Agricultural College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1709751&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
effect environmental conditions particle genesis

项目摘要

This project is jointly funded by the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program in the Chemistry Division and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Division. Professor Giuseppe Petrucci of the University of Vermont investigates the role of water (humidity) in the formation and ageing of organic particles in the atmosphere. Leafy trees and plants release volatile organic compounds during photosynthesis and respiration. These compounds react with pollutants like ozone to produce the majority of organic particles in the atmosphere. Professor Petrucci and his group explore how humidity influences the chemical composition of particles, the phase (liquid or solid) of the particle, and their ability to scatter and/or absorb light. Understanding the chemical changes that these particles undergo once they are formed is crucial for understanding their impact on the atmosphere. This research is leading to a better understanding of the troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere, in terms of effects on human health, visibility, and climate. Training is provided to graduate and undergraduate students. The research team also carries out outreach to K-12 students at various levels through the University of Vermont Chemistry Camp. Determining the composition of organic particles in the atmosphere is challenging because each particle may contain hundreds of different molecules. In addition, the types of molecules may change during the particle's time in the atmosphere, which is typically five to seven days. Professor Petrucci and his group develop a novel environmental chamber setup for the study of chemical processes during particle formation. This chamber allows the use of mass spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques to study the particle's composition. These techniques also provide information on changes in particle composition due to changes in reaction conditions, like humidity. Further, using a separate approach, the researchers impinge particles at a hard surface and count how many bounce off compared to how many stick. Solid particles bounce, while liquid particles stick. The phase of the particles is compared with particle composition. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to predict the physical and optical properties of organic particles based on their chemical composition. This information is used to develop models that describe the effect of aerosols on the Earth's radiation balance and the formation and properties of clouds. The graduate, undergraduate and high school students working with Professor Petrucci gain experience in sophisticated experimental methods, and skills in chemical reaction mechanisms, aerosol science and analytical methodology.

该项目由化学司环境化学科学方案和大气和地球空间科学司大气化学方案共同资助。佛蒙特大学的Giuseppe Petrucci教授研究了水（湿度）在大气中有机颗粒形成和老化中的作用。多叶树木和植物在光合作用和呼吸过程中释放挥发性有机化合物。这些化合物与臭氧等污染物反应，产生大气中的大多数有机颗粒。 Petrucci教授和他的团队探索了湿度如何影响颗粒的化学成分，颗粒的相（液体或固体）以及它们散射和/或吸收光的能力。了解这些粒子形成后所经历的化学变化对于了解它们对大气的影响至关重要。这项研究正在导致更好地了解对流层，大气层的最低部分，对人类健康，能见度和气候的影响。向研究生和本科生提供培训。该研究小组还通过佛蒙特大学化学营向各级K-12学生开展外联活动。确定大气中有机颗粒的组成是一项挑战，因为每个颗粒可能包含数百种不同的分子。此外，粒子在大气中的时间（通常为5至7天）可能会改变分子的类型。Petrucci教授和他的团队开发了一种新的环境室装置，用于研究粒子形成过程中的化学过程。该室允许使用质谱和光谱技术来研究粒子的组成。这些技术还提供了由于反应条件（如湿度）的变化而导致的颗粒组成变化的信息。此外，使用一种单独的方法，研究人员将颗粒撞击在坚硬的表面上，并计算有多少反弹与有多少坚持。固体颗粒反弹，而液体颗粒粘在一起。将颗粒的相与颗粒组成进行比较。最终，本研究的目标是根据有机颗粒的化学组成预测其物理和光学性质。这些信息被用来建立模型，描述气溶胶对地球辐射平衡的影响以及云的形成和性质。与Petrucci教授合作的研究生，本科生和高中生获得了复杂实验方法的经验，以及化学反应机制，气溶胶科学和分析方法的技能。