RAPID: Mobile Infrastructure for Monitoring, Modeling, and Forecasting of Coastal Weather Events

热带风暴是地球上最具破坏性的自然现象之一。每年，这些风暴都会对大西洋沿岸造成威胁。强风和风暴引起的海平面上升的危险是公认的，但这些风暴也可能导致内陆洪水。从历史上看，内陆洪水是造成美国大部分热带风暴死亡的原因。现有的方法不能提供内陆洪水模式的准确预报。该项目将通过一个计算框架来改进这些预报，该框架依赖于在风暴到来之前部署的移动传感阵列收集的关键测量数据。该项目将开发一个计算框架来模拟内陆横向洪水过程。在基线和未来风暴之前收集和校准关键水文变量是至关重要的。该项目将侧重于关键人口聚集区附近的地表水流速测量，特别是在河流流域从储存模式向排放模式转变的过程中。这是由于飓风马修最近经过造成的。数据收集将通过移动传感阵列实现，包括摄影测量无人机、GPS漂移仪和一种新的基于漂移仪的技术，用于获取细粒度的地表水速度测量。大西洋沿岸每年受到大约10次热带风暴的威胁，其中一半以上成为飓风。其影响可能是灾难性的，造成生命损失、财产和基础设施破坏。飓风“马修”被广泛认为是一场“险些”的袭击，在美国造成40多人死亡，10万多所房屋受损。大部分归因于内陆洪水。该项目将改善内陆洪水预报基础设施，使地方和州政府以及应急管理小组能够更有效地规划和应对热带风暴。

Tropical storms are among the most destructive natural phenomenon on the planet. Each year, these storms pose a threat to the Atlantic Coast. The dangers of high winds and storm-induced sea level rise are widely recognized, but these storms can also result in inland flooding. Historically, inland flooding is responsible for the majority of deaths attributed to tropical storms in the US. Existing methods do not provide accurate forecasts of inland flooding patterns. This project will improve these forecasts through a computational framework that relies on key measurements collected from mobile sensing arrays deployed in advance of incoming storms.The project will develop a computational framework to simulate inland lateral flooding processes. Collection and calibration of the key hydrologic variables, both in baseline, and in advance of future storms, is critical. The project will focus on surface water velocity measurements near key population locales, particularly as the river basins transition from storage modes to discharge modes ? resulting from the recent passage of Hurricane Matthew. Data collection will be achieved through mobile sensing arrays, comprising photogrammetry drones, GPS drifters, and a new drifter-based technology for acquiring fine-grained surface water velocity measurements. The Atlantic coast is threatened by approximately ten tropical storms per year, with more than half becoming hurricanes. The impacts can be catastrophic, resulting in loss of life and damage to property and infrastructure. Hurricane Matthew, widely viewed as a near miss, resulted in more than 40 deaths in the US, and damage to more than 100,000 homes ? most attributed to inland flooding. This project will result in improved forecasting infrastructure for inland flooding, enabling local and state governments and emergency management teams to more effectively plan and respond to tropical storms.