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The Utilization of Shell Oxygen Isotope Analysis to Reconstruct Past El Nino Patterns

利用壳层氧同位素分析重建过去的厄尔尼诺模式

基本信息

批准号：
1724639
负责人：
Christopher Jazwa
金额：
$ 28.75万
依托单位：
Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724639&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Utilization Shell Oxygen Isotope Analysis

项目摘要

Dr. Christopher Jazwa of the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) will conduct a research project to investigate patterns of past El Niño events and their effects on human settlement and subsistence. The project will use data from archaeological faunal collections to trace El Niño frequency within a broader context of environmental variations, with implications for human responses to present-day environment change. In general, there is an expectation that periods with more frequent El Niños will have negative effects on marine food resources, including stocks of economically important fish and shellfish species. In the past, this could have prompted changes in human subsistence patterns and social structures. Today, it could affect economic systems reliant on marine foods. Archaeological sites and materials are uniquely positioned to model these systems and this project will take advantage of faunal materials from well-dated archaeological contexts from coastal California. Furthermore, this project is designed to refine methodologies for assigning archaeological sites to different seasons of occupation, which may shift in response to environmental change. Funding from this project will assist in the development of the new Human Paleoecology and Archaeometry Laboratory at UNR. This work will closely involve graduate and undergraduate students during all stages of data collection, providing training in field and laboratory analyses. Environmental and archaeological research within Channel Islands National Park will assist with the park's missions of preservation and inventorying their valuable cultural resources. Members of the local Chumash tribe will be involved in archaeological fieldwork for this project.This project will use stable oxygen isotopic analysis of California mussel (Mytilus californianus) shells from archaeological sites to reconstruct patterns in local sea surface temperature at the time that bands of shell carbonate were deposited on the shell. This will allow the PI to address three primary questions: (1) How has the frequency of El Niño events varied over the course of the last 8,000 years? (2) What are the effects of these changes on human settlement and subsistence patterns in coastal ecosystems? And (3) with what accuracy can season of occupation of archaeological sites be assigned with different isotopic sampling techniques for California mussels. The PI has been collecting modern mussel shells from a test location on southern Santa Rosa Island, California, part of Channel Islands National Park, at three-month increments from 2015-2017. This included the 2015-2016 El Niño winter. With the assistance of graduate and undergraduate students, the modern shells will be sampled and analyzed for stable oxygen isotopes to refine methodologies for observing El Niño and assigning shells to season of harvest. Excavation of shell-rich archaeological sites during a summer season, along with existing collections, will provide samples to reconstruct past environmental patterns and human responses. Although El Niño events have global effects, anomalies in sea surface temperature are especially strong along the west coast of the Americas, making California an ideal location to address these questions. Therefore, observed patterns of past El Niño frequency can be applied to understand human responses to climate change around the world.

里诺内华达州大学的Christopher Jazwa博士将进行一个研究项目，调查过去厄尔尼诺现象的模式及其对人类住区和生存的影响。该项目将利用考古动物群收集的数据，在更广泛的环境变化范围内追踪厄尔尼诺现象的发生频率，并对人类对当今环境变化的反应产生影响。一般而言，预计厄尔尼诺现象较为频繁的时期将对海洋食物资源，包括具有重要经济意义的鱼类和贝类种群产生不利影响。在过去，这可能促使人类生存模式和社会结构发生变化。今天，它可能会影响依赖海洋食品的经济体系。考古遗址和材料具有独特的地位，可以模拟这些系统，本项目将利用来自加州沿海的古老考古背景的动物群材料。此外，该项目旨在改进将考古遗址分配到不同占领季节的方法，这些季节可能会随着环境变化而变化。该项目的资金将帮助UNR开发新的人类古生态学和考古学实验室。这项工作将使研究生和本科生在数据收集的各个阶段密切参与，提供现场和实验室分析方面的培训。海峡群岛国家公园内的环境和考古研究将有助于公园保护和清点其宝贵文化资源的任务。当地Chumash部落的成员将参与这一项目的考古实地工作，该项目将对考古遗址的加州贻贝贝壳进行稳定氧同位素分析，以重建贝壳碳酸盐带沉积在贝壳上时当地海面温度的模式。这将使PI能够解决三个主要问题：（1）在过去8,000年中，厄尔尼诺事件的频率是如何变化的？(2)这些变化对沿海生态系统中的人类住区和生计模式有何影响？和（3）什么样的准确性可以占用考古遗址的季节分配与不同的同位素采样技术的加州贻贝。PI一直在从加州南部圣罗莎岛的一个测试地点收集现代贻贝贝壳，该测试地点是海峡群岛国家公园的一部分，从2015年到2017年，每三个月增加一次。这包括2015-2016年厄尔尼诺冬季。在研究生和本科生的协助下，将对现代贝壳进行取样和稳定氧同位素分析，以改进观测厄尔尼诺现象和将贝壳分配给收获季节的方法。在夏季挖掘贝壳丰富的考古遗址，沿着现有的收藏品，将提供样本来重建过去的环境模式和人类的反应。虽然厄尔尼诺现象具有全球性影响，但海洋表面温度的异常在美洲西海岸沿着特别强烈，使加州成为解决这些问题的理想地点。因此，观测到的过去厄尔尼诺频率模式可用于了解人类对世界各地气候变化的反应。