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MRI: Development of a Pulsed-Power Driver for the Experimental Investigation of Extreme States of Matter

MRI：开发用于极端物质状态实验研究的脉冲功率驱动器

基本信息

批准号：
1725178
负责人：
Pierre Gourdain
金额：
$ 118.18万
依托单位：
University of Rochester
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1725178&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
MRI Development Pulsed Power Driver

项目摘要

Materials under extreme pressures form the majority of interstellar bodies, from the core of Mega-Earths to the surface of neutron stars. Understanding the properties of these materials is paramount to developing numerical models capable of predicting star formation and planetary collisions. These models also help scientists to assess the potential for life on planets outside of our solar system. Currently, the scientific community knows very little about interstellar body materials since they do not occur naturally on Earth. However, pieces of celestial-like matter can be produced and studied in the laboratory using the type of instrumentation to be developed by this project. The instrument to be developed, High Amperage Driver for Extreme States (HADES), can generate power equivalent to hundreds of electrical power plants in a fraction of a second, requiring very little energy to produce matter under extreme pressure. HADES' novel design combines an efficient architecture with a compact footprint, packing this extreme power in a device slightly bigger than an automobile. Thus, HADES can be used in a university setting, which normally does not have the capacity to study matter under these conditions. The system will also be sufficiently mobile to be placed at other facilities, where more diagnostics may be available for measuring the properties of matter under extreme pressure. Understanding such materials will have a profound impact on many areas of life, such as developing new materials, harnessing fusion energy, and the discovery of life on other planets. The innovative design of HADES, its construction, and its operation will also foster new talent in physics and engineering, keeping the U.S. at the forefront of fundamental science and discovery. The frontiers of physical exploration have come to understanding the infinitely small (quantum mechanics), and the infinitely large (astrophysics): the physics of extremes. The next step in ground-breaking discoveries faces a big challenge: studying matter that does not exist naturally on Earth because it is too dense to be stable at atmospheric pressures or much too large to fit in a laboratory. To solve this problem, scientists need to develop new instruments capable of handling the high-energy densities required to produce such matter. The High Amperage Driver for Extreme States (HADES) is a 250 GW pulsed-power driver designed to produce and investigate this kind of matter. This driver can generate currents of 1.2 MA in 250 ns. The driver's innovative design is compact and can be moved to any major US facility where x-ray light sources can probe the matter HADES will generate. The intellectual merit of the research program enabled by HADES is grounded in three complementary research directions, in harmony with NSF's vision for future scientific investments: quantum-degenerate materials, exotic astrophysical objects, and astrobiology. The high-power density and versatility of HADES promotes a symbiotic, diversified research program across physics, astrophysics, engineering and planetary science by defining the physical properties of macroscopic samples of warm, quantum-degenerate matter, studying the impact of intense magnetic fields on hot, turbulent astrophysical flows, and understanding the connections between geochemistry and planetary habitability. The experimental investigation of extreme states of matter using HADES will have broader impacts on the scientific community and the public. Transport coefficient models, validated experimentally, will be directly applicable to astrophysics, inertial fusion confinement, and planetary science. The construction and operation of HADES, as well as the research it enables, are also instrumental in training new generations of students in extreme-state physics and pulsed-power engineering. Ultimately this project will strengthen the national research program in extreme state physics and allow heretofore inaccessible physics of the Cosmos to be studied in the laboratory.

从巨地球的核心到中子星的表面，处于极端压力下的物质构成了大多数星际天体。了解这些材料的性质对于开发能够预测星星形成和行星碰撞的数值模型至关重要。这些模型还有助于科学家评估太阳系外行星上生命的潜力。目前，科学界对星际物质知之甚少，因为它们不是地球上自然存在的。然而，可以使用该项目开发的仪器类型在实验室中生产和研究类似天体的物质。即将开发的仪器，极端状态下的大电流驱动器（HADES），可以在几分之一秒内产生相当于数百个发电厂的电力，在极端压力下产生物质只需要很少的能量。 HADES的新颖设计结合了高效的架构和紧凑的占地面积，将这种极端的功率封装在比汽车稍大的设备中。因此，HADES可以在大学环境中使用，而大学通常没有能力在这些条件下研究物质。该系统还将具有足够的移动的性，以便放置在其他设施中，在这些设施中，可以使用更多的诊断方法来测量极端压力下的物质特性。了解这些材料将对生命的许多领域产生深远的影响，例如开发新材料，利用聚变能以及发现其他行星上的生命。 HADES的创新设计、建造和运行也将培养物理学和工程学方面的新人才，使美国保持在基础科学和发现的前沿。物理学探索的前沿是理解无限小（量子力学）和无限大（天体物理学）：极端物理学。突破性发现的下一步面临着一个巨大的挑战：研究地球上自然不存在的物质，因为它在大气压力下太密集而不稳定，或者太大而无法放入实验室。为了解决这个问题，科学家需要开发能够处理产生这种物质所需的高能量密度的新仪器。极端状态的高安培驱动器（HADES）是一个250 GW的脉冲功率驱动器，旨在产生和研究这种物质。该驱动器可以在250 ns内产生1.2 MA的电流。驱动程序的创新设计是紧凑的，可以移动到任何主要的美国设施的x射线光源可以探测物质HADES将产生。 HADES支持的研究计划的智力价值基于三个互补的研究方向，与NSF对未来科学投资的愿景相协调：量子简并材料，奇异天体物理对象和天体生物学。 HADES的高功率密度和多功能性促进了物理学，天体物理学，工程学和行星科学的共生，多元化的研究计划，通过定义温暖，量子简并物质的宏观样品的物理特性，研究强磁场对热，湍流天体物理流动的影响，并了解地球化学和行星可居住性之间的联系。使用HADES对物质极端状态的实验研究将对科学界和公众产生更广泛的影响。经过实验验证的输运系数模型将直接应用于天体物理学、惯性聚变约束和行星科学。 HADES的建设和运行，以及它所能进行的研究，也有助于培养新一代极端状态物理学和脉冲功率工程学的学生。最终，该项目将加强极端状态物理学的国家研究计划，并允许在实验室中研究迄今无法实现的宇宙物理学。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（14）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Coreless Fast Pulsed-Power Drivers

无芯快速脉冲功率驱动器

DOI：
10.1109/tps.2021.3086322
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Gourdain, P.-A.;Evans, M.;Efthimion, P.;Ellis, R.;Fox, W.;Hasson, H. R.;Ji, H.;Shapovalov, R. V.;Young, J. R.;West-Abdallah, I.
通讯作者：
West-Abdallah, I.

Current adding transmission lines for compact MA-class linear transformer drivers

DOI：
10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.030401
发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
Physical review accelerators and beams
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
P. Gourdain;M. Adams;M. Evans;H. Hasson;R. Shapovalov;R. Spielman;J. Young;I. West-Abdallah
通讯作者：
P. Gourdain;M. Adams;M. Evans;H. Hasson;R. Shapovalov;R. Spielman;J. Young;I. West-Abdallah

Characterization of an imploding cylindrical plasma for electron transport studies using x-ray emission spectroscopy

DOI：
10.1063/1.5125271
发表时间：
2020-02-01
期刊：
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Dozieres, M.;Hansen, S.;Beg, F. N.
通讯作者：
Beg, F. N.

Using extended MHD to explore lasers as a trigger for x-pinches

DOI：
10.1063/5.0060581
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
Physics of Plasmas
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
J. Young;M. Adams;H. Hasson;I. West-Abdallah;M. Evans;P. Gourdain
通讯作者：
J. Young;M. Adams;H. Hasson;I. West-Abdallah;M. Evans;P. Gourdain

Reduction of ablated surface expansion in pulsed-power-driven experiments using an aerosol dielectric coating

使用气溶胶介电涂层减少脉冲功率驱动实验中的烧蚀表面膨胀

DOI：
10.1063/1.5066231
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Physics of Plasmas
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Evans, M.;Adams, M. B.;Campbell, P. C.;Jordan, N. M.;Miller, S. M.;Ramey, N. B.;Shapovalov, R. V.;Young, J.;West-Abdallah, I.;Woolstrum, J. M.
通讯作者：
Woolstrum, J. M.