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Criticism today. Theory of society, sociology and critique of the social in France and Germany.

今天批评一下。

基本信息

批准号：
230431179
负责人：
Professor Dr. Axel Honneth
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Sozialforschung (IfS) an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/230431179?language=en
关键词：
Criticism today.Theory society sociology

项目摘要

The "Critical Theory of Society" represents a specific field of research in the contemporary German and French philosophical discussion which however cannot be subsumed under a unified paradigm of thinking. Our project shall examine the divergences and convergences of different approaches aiming at formulating a critical theory of society in a historical, systematic and Franco-German perspective. This cross-disciplinary study shall take into account the significant continuities and discontinuities in the methodological (approach of the object "society"), ontological (reality of the object "society") and metaphysical (status of the criteria of criticism) dimensions to consider, and to show how they structure the field of social critique.The study will address three issues: Firstly, it shall trace back the history of the concept "criticism" in political philosophy since 1945 in Germany and France (Project I); while in Germany this notion of "criticism" is assigned a narrow meaning (Frankfurt School), it is subject to various uses and interpretations in France (Althusser, Foucault, Lyotard, Rancière, Balibar). A comparative study shall be carried out, emphasizing on the one hand the differences between the two traditions in the use of the concept, and studying on the other hand the debates that took within the respective traditions the form of a "criticism of criticism". Secondly, shall be systematically discussed the methodological, ontological, and (post)metaphysical presuppositions of the concept of society and the concept of criticism (Project II). Two approaches of the criticism of the social are opposed: a conception of the criticism, which makes the possibility of criticizing the theory depend on the theory of society that grasps the social reality (Althusser, Adorno, Bourdieu), and a conception that draws the criticism of the social itself from an internal perspective, the theory remaining here the container of the critique (Foucault, Boltanski, Rancière, Habermas, Honneth). Thirdly, the project seeks to examine the actual relevance of the criticism (Project III). For this purpose, it shall establish a dialogue between the two tradition that have, in Germany and France, a philosophical and sociological approach to social reality: the Frankfurter critical theory (Habermas, Honneth) and the "sociology of criticism" (Boltanski, Thévenot), which was developed in response to the "critical sociology" of Bourdieu. The dialogue between the two approaches, that share the idea that social actors have the capacity of criticizing, shall be supplemented by the inclusion of conflicting approaches that do not accept these assumptions (Rancière, Balibar, the late work of Boltanski). This project shall also examine the relationship between critical theory and social practice (social movements) and explore the tension between the approach of the social philosophy and the political philosophy, at the point where their territory overlap obviously.

“社会批判理论”代表了当代德法哲学讨论中的一个特定研究领域，但它不能被归入一个统一的思维范式。我们的项目将研究不同方法的分歧和趋同，旨在从历史的，系统的和法德的角度制定社会批判理论。这一跨学科研究应考虑到方法上的重大连续性和不连续性，（对象“社会”的方法），本体论的（对象“社会”的现实）和形而上学（批评标准的地位）的维度考虑，并显示他们如何结构的社会批评领域。研究将解决三个问题：首先，追溯了1945年以来德国和法国政治哲学中“批判”概念的历史（项目一）;而在德国，“批评”这个概念被赋予了狭义的含义，（法兰克福学派），它是受各种用途和解释在法国（阿尔都塞，福柯，利奥塔，朗西埃，巴利巴尔）。应进行比较研究，一方面强调两种传统在使用这一概念方面的差异，另一方面研究各自传统内部采取“批评的批评”形式的辩论。其次，将系统地讨论社会概念和批评概念的方法论、本体论和（后）形而上学的前提（项目II）。社会批判的两种方法是对立的：一种是批判的概念，它使批判理论的可能性依赖于把握社会现实的社会理论（阿尔都塞、阿多诺、布迪厄），另一种是从内部视角对社会本身进行批判的概念，在这里，理论仍然是批判的容器（福柯、波尔坦斯基、朗西埃、哈贝马斯、霍内特）。第三，项目试图审查批评的实际相关性（项目III）。为此目的，它将建立两个传统之间的对话，在德国和法国，一个哲学和社会学的方法来处理社会现实：法兰克福批判理论（哈贝马斯，Honneth）和“批判社会学”（Boltanski，Thévenot），这是为了回应布迪厄的“批判社会学”而发展起来的。这两种方法之间的对话，共享的想法，社会行动者有能力批评，应补充纳入冲突的方法，不接受这些假设（兰西埃，巴利巴尔，后期工作的Boltanski）。本项目还将研究批判理论与社会实践（社会运动）之间的关系，并探讨社会哲学和政治哲学方法之间的紧张关系，在它们的领域明显重叠的地方。