SpecEES: Chip-Scale Millimeter-Wave Spectrum / Signal Analyzer Using Spin-Wave Diffraction and Interference

SpecEES：使用自旋波衍射和干涉的芯片级毫米波频谱/信号分析仪

• 批准号: 1731824
• 负责人: Wolfgang Porod
• 金额: $ 69万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1731824&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SpecEES; Chip; Scale; Millimeter; Wave

The dramatic growth in wideband cellular networks, the proliferation of public and private WiFi access points, and the impending demand of machine-to-machine (M2M) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices put a premium on the efficient use of the available electromagnetic spectrum. Current regulation regarding usage of the electromagnetic spectrum follows a static licensed allocation model. However, it is widely recognized that this model is no longer able to meet the rapidly growing demands for spectrum access. Dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radios have been proposed as solutions to the problem, but their ultimate success is predicated upon the existence of high-quality spectrum occupancy data. This project proposes a bold new concept for dynamic spectrum data analysis, which will significantly improve the efficiency of radio spectrum utilization while at the same time providing improved energy efficiency. Specifically, this concept is based on a fundamentally new way of processing millimeter-wave and microwave information using spin waves in magnetic thin films. Such new technology will make possible the replacement of today's bulky passive electromagnetic systems by a chip-scale, low-power device. If successful, the devices proposed in this project will become a new class of millimeter-wave and microwave components, performing many functions that today are only achievable with transistor-based circuits. Students will be educated and trained in this new technology. Graduate students will be exposed to avenues for commercialization through University of Notre Dame's Innovation Park and the Engineering Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Excellence Masters (ESTEEM) Program that partners science, engineering, and business students with research faculty toward the goal of commercializing locally-generated fundamental research. Local high-school teachers will participate through an NSF Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) program, which will also include faculty from the local Ivy Tech Community College.This proposal presents a micromagnetics-based real-time spectrum sensor that is low-cost, high-performance, and chip-scale. The combination of these features means this sensor can be deployed on individual devices in a network or IoT devices to provide the high spatial resolution necessary to realize spatial dynamic spectrum access and to provide the speed and resolution necessary to realize temporal dynamic spectrum access. In the proposed scheme, millimeter-wave and microwave signals are converted to spin-waves and processed by spin-wave interference, and then the intensity distribution of the interference patterns is converted back to the electrical domain. In particular, a spin-wave-based frequency spectrum and signal analyzer device is proposed that can perform high-resolution, real-time, wideband spectral analysis on millimeter-wave and microwave signals and provide an on-chip, low-power compact replacement for bulky and expensive spectrum analyzer instruments, which contain a large assembly of discrete microwave components (filters, sweep-oscillators, etc.). The benefits of this scheme, which combine small size, low power, and high speed, derive from the low-power and short-wavelength characteristics of spin waves. As such, our approach provides a potential solution to a particularly challenging task in modern electronics, namely to realize devices that are both fast and low-power. In conventional CMOS-based electronics, power consumption increases quickly with increasing computing speed (clock rate), which makes it very challenging (maybe impossible) to simultaneously achieve low power and high speed (several tens of gigahertz) operation in electrical devices. Our proposed spin-wave-based devices may provide a solution to this fundamental problem.

宽带蜂窝网络的急剧增长，公共和私人WiFi接入点的激增，以及即将到来的机器对机器（M2M）和物联网（IoT）设备的需求，使得有效利用可用电磁频谱变得非常重要。关于电磁频谱使用的现行法规遵循静态许可分配模型。然而，人们普遍认为这种模式已经不能满足快速增长的频谱接入需求。已经提出了动态频谱接入和认知无线电作为解决问题的方法，但它们的最终成功取决于是否存在高质量的频谱占用数据。该项目提出了一个大胆的动态频谱数据分析新概念，将显著提高无线电频谱利用效率，同时提高能源效率。具体来说，这个概念是基于一种利用磁性薄膜中的自旋波处理毫米波和微波信息的全新方法。这种新技术将有可能用芯片级、低功耗的设备取代目前笨重的无源电磁系统。如果成功，该项目中提出的器件将成为一类新的毫米波和微波元件，执行许多目前只能通过基于晶体管的电路实现的功能。学生们将接受这项新技术的教育和培训。研究生将通过圣母大学创新园和工程科学与技术创业卓越硕士（ESTEEM）项目接触到商业化的途径，该项目将科学、工程和商业专业的学生与研究人员合作，实现当地基础研究商业化的目标。当地的高中教师将通过国家科学基金会的教师研究经验（RET）项目参加，该项目还将包括当地常春藤技术社区学院的教师。提出了一种低成本、高性能、芯片级的基于微磁的实时频谱传感器。这些特性的结合意味着该传感器可以部署在网络或物联网设备中的单个设备上，以提供实现空间动态频谱访问所需的高空间分辨率，并提供实现时间动态频谱访问所需的速度和分辨率。在该方案中，将毫米波和微波信号转换为自旋波并进行自旋波干涉处理，然后将干涉图样的强度分布转换回电域。特别是，提出了一种基于自旋波的频谱和信号分析装置，可以对毫米波和微波信号进行高分辨率，实时，宽带频谱分析，并提供片上，低功耗紧凑的替代笨重且昂贵的频谱分析仪器，这些仪器包含大量离散微波元件（滤波器，扫描振荡器等）。该方案结合了小尺寸、低功耗和高速度的优点，源于自旋波的低功耗和短波长的特性。因此，我们的方法为现代电子产品中一个特别具有挑战性的任务提供了一个潜在的解决方案，即实现既快速又低功耗的设备。在传统的基于cmos的电子产品中，功耗随着计算速度（时钟速率）的增加而迅速增加，这使得在电气设备中同时实现低功耗和高速（几十千兆赫兹）的操作非常具有挑战性（可能是不可能的）。我们提出的基于自旋波的器件可能为这一基本问题提供解决方案。

项目成果

Complex Permittivity of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz

8.2 至 12.4 GHz 钆镓石榴石的复介电常数

• DOI: 10.1109/lmag.2021.3132850
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: IEEE Magnetics Letters
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Connelly, David;Aquino, Hadrian;Robbins, Maxwell;Bernstein, Gary Hirshon;Orlov, Alexei;Porod, Wolfgang;Chisum, Jonathan
• 通讯作者: Chisum, Jonathan

Design of a Coplanar-Waveguide-Based Microwave-to-Spin-Wave Transducer

基于共面波导的微波自旋波换能器的设计

• DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2021.3084097
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Aquino, Hadrian Renaldo;Connelly, David;Orlov, Alexei;Chisum, Jonathan;Bernstein, Gary H.;Porod, Wolfgang
• 通讯作者: Porod, Wolfgang

Towards a Chip-Scale Millimeter-Wave Spectrum/Signal Analyzer Using Spin-Wave Diffraction and Interference

使用自旋波衍射和干涉的芯片级毫米波频谱/信号分析仪

• DOI: 10.1109/snw50361.2020.9131613
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 2020 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop
• 作者: Aquino, H.;Connelly, D.;Papp, A.;Orlov, A.;Chisum, J.;Bernstein, G. H.;Porod, W.
• 通讯作者: Porod, W.

Using Coplanar Waveguides as Spin-Wave Sources with Improved Bandwidth

使用共面波导作为具有改进带宽的自旋波源

• DOI: 10.1109/drc50226.2020.9135163
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 2020 Device Research Conference
• 作者: Aquino, H.;Connelly, D.;Orlov, A.;Chisum, J.;Bernstein, G. H.;Porod, W.
• 通讯作者: Porod, W.