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Predicting the global location of heat tolerant corals: Palau patch reefs as a general model

预测耐热珊瑚的全球位置：帕劳斑块珊瑚礁作为通用模型

基本信息

批准号：
1736736
负责人：
Stephen Palumbi
金额：
$ 50.54万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-10-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736736&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Predicting global location heat tolerant

项目摘要

When coral reefs heat up just a few degrees above normal summer temperatures, a reaction called coral bleaching can occur in which single celled plants living inside coral cells are expelled. The coral turns from its normal tan color to bleached white, and because it is deprived of the normal food supply from its plant partner, most of these corals die. Yet, some corals naturally can survive high temperatures that cause others in the same species to bleach. Identifying where these heat tolerant corals are common would provide a general tool for protecting and restoring heat tolerant reefs. The investigators will conduct experiments on 30 patch reefs in Palau of very different sizes in two lagoons, record local temperatures for 400 corals, and test coral heat tolerance using a newly designed coral stress tank. Because large patch reefs generally heat up during daytime low tides, The investigators hypothesize that they are commonly home to heat resistant corals. They will also move heat tolerant corals to cooler locations to test the stability of heat resistance among corals. The stress tank technologies can be widely used in remote settings, and will provide a set of generalizable, practical tools for communities and managers to find and protect heat tolerant corals in reefs around the world. The work will advance undergraduate STEM education in California and Palau. A partnership with the Palau Community College will facilitate the engagement of Pacific Island communities and students. Students will receive interdisciplinary training in field research, genomics and bioinformatics and learn practical skills that will enable them to collect and interpret stress tank and temperature data. Broader outreach efforts will include the production and dissemination of a series of microdocumentaries and blog posts designed to bring the concept of a world-wide search for heat tolerant corals to a global audience.Previous coral reef research has demonstrated that periodic high water temperatures can induce high heat tolerance in reef building corals through a combination of acclimation and selection at many genetic loci. Key questions include whether these kinds of heat tolerant habitats are common or rare, and whether their locations can be predicted by identifying coral reefs where daily temperature spikes regularly occur at low tide. This project will examine heat tolerance of 400 corals in the Acropora hyacinthus species complex across 30 patch reefs in Palau that experience variable temperature and flow profiles. This study will utilize a variety of methods to characterize spatial and temporal patterns of heat tolerance including: (1) the development of low-cost, portable heat stress tanks to quickly and affordably assess in situ conditions, (2) genomic assays of physiological condition to identify the genes and gene expression mechanisms that are responsible for heat tolerance, (3) high resolution temperature mapping to trace the role of temperature variation in producing stable, high temperature tolerance in reef building corals, and (4) reciprocal transplant experiments to evaluate whether heat resistant corals retain heat resistance when moved to cooler locations. This research will expand the geographic map of habitats with known heat tolerance, and expedite the ability to locate coral populations that may be most resistant to future ocean warming.

当珊瑚礁的温度比正常的夏季温度高出几度时，就会发生一种称为珊瑚漂白的反应，其中生活在珊瑚细胞内的单细胞植物被驱逐。珊瑚从正常的棕褐色变成漂白的白色，因为它被剥夺了来自植物伙伴的正常食物供应，大多数珊瑚死亡。然而，一些珊瑚自然可以在高温下生存，导致同一物种的其他珊瑚漂白。确定这些耐热珊瑚的常见位置将为保护和恢复耐热珊瑚礁提供一个通用工具。调查人员将在帕劳的两个泻湖中对30个大小迥异的补丁珊瑚礁进行实验，记录400个珊瑚的当地温度，并使用新设计的珊瑚压力罐测试珊瑚的耐热性。由于大块珊瑚礁在白天退潮时通常会升温，研究人员假设它们通常是耐热珊瑚的家园。他们还将把耐热珊瑚转移到较凉爽的地方，以测试珊瑚耐热性的稳定性。压力罐技术可广泛用于偏远地区，并将为社区和管理人员提供一套可推广的实用工具，以寻找和保护世界各地珊瑚礁中的耐热珊瑚。这项工作将推进加州和帕劳的本科STEM教育。与帕劳社区学院的伙伴关系将促进太平洋岛屿社区和学生的参与。学生将接受实地研究，基因组学和生物信息学的跨学科培训，并学习实用技能，使他们能够收集和解释压力罐和温度数据。更广泛的外展工作将包括制作和传播一系列微纪录片和博客文章，旨在向全球观众宣传在全球范围内寻找耐热珊瑚的概念。之前的珊瑚礁研究已经证明，周期性的高水温可以通过许多遗传基因座的驯化和选择相结合，诱导造礁珊瑚的高耐热性。关键问题包括这些耐热栖息地是常见的还是罕见的，以及它们的位置是否可以通过识别在低潮时经常发生每日温度峰值的珊瑚礁来预测。该项目将研究帕劳30个珊瑚礁斑块中Acropora hyacinthus物种复合体中400种珊瑚的耐热性，这些珊瑚礁经历了不同的温度和流动情况。本研究将利用各种方法来表征耐热性的空间和时间模式，包括：（1）开发低成本、便携式热应激罐以快速且经济地评估原位条件，（2）生理条件的基因组测定以鉴定负责耐热性的基因和基因表达机制，（3）高分辨率温度测绘，以追踪温度变化在造礁珊瑚产生稳定的高温耐受性方面的作用，以及（4）相互移植实验，以评估耐热珊瑚在迁移到较冷的地方后是否保持耐热性。这项研究将扩大已知耐热性栖息地的地理地图，并加快定位可能对未来海洋变暖最具抵抗力的珊瑚种群的能力。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（12）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments.

DOI：
10.1002/eap.2262
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
影响因子：
0
作者：
Grottoli AG;Toonen RJ;van Woesik R;Vega Thurber R;Warner ME;McLachlan RH;Price JT;Bahr KD;Baums IB;Castillo KD;Coffroth MA;Cunning R;Dobson KL;Donahue MJ;Hench JL;Iglesias-Prieto R;Kemp DW;Kenkel CD;Kline DI;Kuffner IB;Matthews JL;Mayfield AB;Padilla-Gamiño JL;Palumbi S;Voolstra CR;Weis VM;Wu HC
通讯作者：
Wu HC

Coral conservation in a warming world must harness evolutionary adaptation

DOI：
10.1038/s41559-022-01854-4
发表时间：
2022-09-16
期刊：
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Colton, Madhavi A.;McManus, Lisa C.;Pinsky, Malin L.
通讯作者：
Pinsky, Malin L.

A Scientific Synthesis of Marine Protected Areas in the United States: Status and Recommendations

美国海洋保护区的科学综合：现状和建议

DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.849927
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Frontiers in Marine Science
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Sullivan-Stack, Jenna;Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio;Brooks, Cassandra M.;Cabral, Reniel B.;Caselle, Jennifer E.;Chan, Francis;Duffy, J. Emmett;Dunn, Daniel C.;Friedlander, Alan M.;Fulton-Bennett, Heather K.
通讯作者：
Fulton-Bennett, Heather K.

Designing a blueprint for coral reef survival