PIRE: Science of Design for Societal-Scale Cyber-Physical Systems

项目负责人：Janos Sztipanovits， Vanderbilt大学合作负责人：Shankar Sastry， UC Berkeley, alexander preschner，慕尼黑工业大学和Werner Damm， oldenburg大学该项目旨在为社会规模的网络物理系统（CPS）开发一种新的设计科学。新兴工业平台，如美国的物联网（IoT）、工业互联网（II）和欧洲的工业4.0，极大地加速了新一代CPS的发展，这些CPS将人类和人类组织与物理和计算过程（H-CPS）结合起来，并扩展到社会规模的系统，如交通网络、电网或自动系统网络(自动驾驶汽车、无人驾驶飞行器)，其中控制在人与机器之间动态转移。社会规模的系统是由社会需求驱动的，但必须符合社会规范并对期望做出反应。如果这些系统在美国和其他国家独立发展，它们将“硬连接”创建它们的社会环境，使互操作变得困难或不可能，降低结果的可重用性，并缩小产品和服务的市场。虽然新技术趋势对社会政策的影响受到了关注，但硬币的另一面——使系统适应社会政策——几乎没有出现在工程和计算机科学课程和设计实践中。该项目汇集了来自范德比尔特大学、加州大学伯克利分校、慕尼黑工业大学和奥尔登堡大学的大型跨学科研究小组，研究人类、人类组织和网络CPS组件的综合动力学、弹性H-CPS的系统科学基础、具有学习功能组件的H-CPS的高置信度设计和社会科学。该项目的目标是开发能够适应不同公共政策的技术。国际合作使学生能够接触到H-CPS设计，这是一种具有强烈背景的设计，并提供具有所需科学和技术基础的实践经验。教育目标是为新的工程和计算机科学教育结构奠定基础并收集经验，为学生设计和操作新一代具有政策意识的H-CPS应用程序做好准备。通过美国和德国的联合研究合作获得的经验将被推广并扩展到更广泛的国际背景。这项联合研究活动的核心技术目标是为构建可通过社会背景参数化的H-CPS系统奠定基础。我们的技术方法有三个方面：(1)了解并比较美国和欧洲在社会规模的H-CPS运作中政策和社会期望的性质、范围和演变。分析的目的不是制定社会政策，而是确定哪些因素对技术解决方案的影响最大。(2)研究机器可解释并影响H-CPS结构和行为的社会背景（操作、隐私、安全、安全政策、激励、定价和市场政策）的明确和正式表示方法。(3)开发策略感知架构，保证新一代H-CPS运行过程中政策需求的执行。提出的研究计划的预期结果是：(1)可以参数化的H-CPS架构规范？通过操作、安全和保障策略，以及来自社会期望的约束，(2)策略模型存储库，(3)设计工具链，以及(4)测试平台。国际项目组将评估低空空中交通管制、智能电网和智能交通系统试验台的研究成果。

PI: Janos Sztipanovits, Vanderbilt UniversityCo-PIs: Shankar Sastry, UC Berkeley, Alexanmder Pretschner, Technical University of Munich and Werner Damm, University of OldenburgThis project aims to develop a new Science of Design for societal-scale Cyber- Physical Systems (CPS). Emerging industrial platforms such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet (II) in the US and Industrie 4.0 in Europe have tremendously accelerated the development of new generations of CPS that integrate humans and human organizations with physical and computation processes (H-CPS) and extend to societal-scale systems such as traffic networks, electric grids, or networks of autonomous systems (self-driving cars, unmanned air vehicles) where control is dynamically shifted between humans and machines. Societal-scale systems are motivated by societal needs, but must conform to social norms and respond to expectations. If these systems evolve independently in the US and other countries, they will "hard-wire" the social context in which they are created, making interoperation hard or impossible, decreasing reusability of results, and narrowing markets for products and services. While impacts of new technology trends on social policies have received attention, the other side of the coin - to make systems adaptable to social policies - is nearly absent from engineering and computer science curricula and design practice. The project brings together a large, interdisciplinary group of researchers from Vanderbilt University, UC Berkeley, Technical University of Munich and University of Oldenburg working on integrated dynamics of humans, human organizations and networked CPS components, systems science foundations for resilient H-CPS, high-confidence design of H-CPS with learning enabled components, and social science. The goal of the project is to develop technologies that can be adapted to varying public policies. The international collaboration exposes students to H-CPS design which is strongly contextual and provides practical experience with the required scientific and technical foundations. The education goal is to lay the foundation for and collect experience with new engineering and computer science education constructs that prepares students for the design and operation of a new generation of policy-aware H-CPS applications. The experience gained via the joint US and German research collaboration will be generalized and extended to broader international context.The central technical goal of this joint research activity is to establish foundations for constructing H-CPS systems that can be parameterized by social context. Our technical approach is three-fold: (1) Understand and compare the nature, scope, and evolution of policies and societal expectations in the operation of societal-scale H-CPS in the US and in Europe. The purpose of the analysis is not to shape social policies, but to determine which factors have the greatest influence on technical solutions. (2) Investigate methods for the explicit and formal representation of societal context (operational, privacy, safety, security policies, incentives, pricing and market policies) that are machine interpretable and impact the structure and behavior of H-CPS. (3) Develop policy-aware architectures that guarantee the enforcement of policy requirements during the operation of a new generation of H-CPS. The expected outcomes of the proposed research program are: (1) H-CPS architecture specifications that can be ?parameterized? by operational, safety and security policies, and by constraints emerging from societal expectations, (2) policy model repositories, (3) design tool chains, and (4) test beds. The international project team will evaluate research results in low-altitude air traffic control, smart-grid and intelligent transportation system testbeds.