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On distinguishing human behavior by means of mutual interference

论通过相互干扰来区分人类行为

基本信息

批准号：
231403009
负责人：
Professor Dr. Markus Janczyk
金额：
--
依托单位：
Forschungsmethoden und Kognitive Psychologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/231403009?language=en
关键词：
distinguishing human behavior means mutual

项目摘要

Humans show enormous varieties of behavior: They range from simple, unavoidable reflexes (i.e., non-intentional behavior) to actions, that is, behavior that is shown with a particular intention to achieve a certain goal. In the latter case, psychologists sometimes distinguish externally-triggered and internally-initiated actions. These are operationalized most often with so-called forced-choice tasks (where a stimulus determines the one and only correct action) and free-choice tasks (where the actor can choose among several equally correct actions), respectively. The empirical evidence for this distinction, however, is unclear.In the first project-phase the susceptibility to dual-task interference was taken to investigate qualitative distinctions between such types of behavior. The results allow the following conclusions: (1) Non-intentional behavior is not susceptible to dual-task interference and thus differs qualitatively from (interference-susceptible) actions. (2) Both (sometimes distinguished) types of actions are equally susceptible to dual-task interference and thus do not differ qualitatively. The focus of the present second project-phase is the conceptualization of forced-and free-choice tasks within one framework, which is inspired by sequential sampling models. Pilot experiments suggest that in both types of tasks evidence accumulates, and even with the same rate. However, both tasks differ in their non-accumulation times. This framework will be tested further in several experiments, in particular to test whether a secondary dual-task affects the same components of both tasks. Additionally, the function of the additional non-accumulation time in free-choice tasks (and thus the basis of accumulation) and the effects of various kinds of intentions are investigated.The results of this project-phase will (1) help to clarify the relation of forced- and free-choice tasks, and (2) provide the basis for a subsequent formal modelling of the projects results and the literature on both task-types.

人类表现出各种各样的行为：从简单的、不可避免的反射（即，非故意行为（non-intentional behavior）是指行为，也就是说，行为表现出特定的意图，以实现某个目标。在后一种情况下，心理学家有时会区分外部触发和内部启动的行为。这些操作最常见的是所谓的强迫选择任务（刺激决定唯一正确的行动）和自由选择任务（演员可以在几个同样正确的行动中进行选择）。然而，这种区别的实证证据尚不清楚。在第一个项目阶段，对双任务干扰的敏感性被用来研究这类行为之间的定性区别。研究结果表明：（1）非有意行为不受双任务干扰的影响，因此与（易受干扰的）行为有质的区别。(2)这两种（有时区分）类型的行动同样容易受到双重任务的干扰，因此没有质的区别。本项目第二阶段的重点是在一个框架内的强迫和自由选择任务的概念化，这是受序贯抽样模型的启发。试点实验表明，在这两种类型的任务证据积累，甚至以相同的速度。然而，这两种任务的非积累时间不同。这一框架将进一步测试在几个实验中，特别是测试是否一个次要的双重任务影响两个任务的相同组件。此外，额外的非积累时间在自由选择任务中的作用（从而积累的基础）和各种意图的影响进行了研究。这个项目阶段的结果将（1）有助于澄清强迫和自由选择任务的关系，（2）为项目结果的后续正式建模和两种任务类型的文献提供基础。