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Innovations, Innovators and Knowledge Transfer

创新、创新者和知识转移

基本信息

批准号：
1757134
负责人：
Hugo Hopenhayn
金额：
$ 25.52万
依托单位：
National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-04-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1757134&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Innovations Innovators Knowledge Transfer

项目摘要

This research is concerned with the incentives and rewards to innovation, and their impacts on economic development, growth and welfare. The investigator examines three related questions as follows: Is innovation going to the right areas? Are the incentives for innovation and diffusion of new ideas appropriate? What constitutes the innovation capital of the economy? By addressing these questions from a novel perspective, this research will advance our knowledge about some of the most important issues that relate to national prosperity and welfare. The investigator also identifies a new source of market failure that is very likely to attract future research in this area. This research contains three projects. The first is concerned with where innovation resources go, how they are allocated across different R&D areas. The theory developed shows that the market allocates excessive innovation resources to high return areas relative to the social optima, as appeared to be the case in the dot.com boom. The source of the inefficiency is the lack of property rights on open problems that combined with R&D resources, give rise to innovations. It is a novel contribution of this project to recognize this source of inefficiency, and examine the specific channels and its potential magnitude. The second project is concerned with the incentives to innovate versus imitate and the interaction of the two forces in driving growth. Intellectual property rights affect the way in which innovators and imitators split the surplus created by knowledge transfer. This project further examines the impact on long run growth and welfare. The third project examines quantitatively the role of firms vis-a-vis inventors as sources of innovation and the properties of the match between the two.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本研究关注创新的激励和回报，以及它们对经济发展、增长和福利的影响。研究者考察了以下三个相关问题：创新是否流向了正确的领域？鼓励创新和传播新思想是否合适？什么构成了经济的创新资本？通过从一个新颖的角度来解决这些问题，本研究将促进我们对与国家繁荣和福利有关的一些最重要问题的认识。研究者还确定了市场失灵的一个新来源，这很可能吸引该领域未来的研究。本研究包含三个项目。第一个问题是创新资源的去向，以及如何在不同的研发领域进行分配。这一理论表明，市场将过多的创新资源分配给相对于社会最优的高回报领域，就像互联网繁荣时期的情况一样。效率低下的根源是缺乏对开放性问题的产权，而开放性问题与研发资源相结合，产生了创新。认识到这种低效率的来源，并检查具体渠道及其潜在规模，是本项目的一个新颖贡献。第二个项目关注的是创新与模仿的激励以及两种力量在推动增长方面的相互作用。知识产权影响着创新者和模仿者对知识转移创造的剩余进行分配的方式。该项目进一步研究了对长期增长和福利的影响。第三个项目从数量上考察了公司相对于发明家作为创新来源的作用，以及两者之间匹配的性质。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。