EAGER: Collaborative Research: Ultrasensitive frequency domain spectrometer for high throughput bacteria detection in floodwater

塔夫茨大学（Tufts University）和伦斯勒理工学院（Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute）开发了一种频域光谱仪，用于实时高通量跟踪洪水中的细菌。在哈维和伊尔玛等重大灾难性飓风过后，狂风将树木连根拔起，将屋顶从房屋上刮起，在剩余的洪水中，危险在微观层面上悄悄地继续着。这个EAGER研究项目将推进传感技术的基础研究，以快速表征未来灾难性事件产生的洪水中的致病菌。覆盖从混合材料到系统的光谱，有变量和权衡，只能通过系统的，有针对性的实验来明确定义。有了这些知识，材料、设备和系统架构的协同创新将影响前所未有的传感器性能。提出的跨学科研究和教育计划将对基于硅纳米复合材料异质集成的荧光光谱和光学传感器技术产生重大而广泛的影响。仪器的小型化将使有关水质因素的新研究成为可能。将组织与生化学家和学生的互动研讨会，指导光谱仪的发展。在塔夫茨大学、RPI学院和更广泛的社区，各级学生都有强有力的指导和培训。本课题的目标是开发一种高灵敏度的频率域光谱仪，用于细菌的高通量跟踪，实时量化和鉴定洪水中的细菌，从而大大减少人工，时间和成本。提出的工作重点是本征荧光的光谱和时间特征，以及检测它们所需的材料、设备和电路创新。必须克服重要的技术障碍，包括光学灵敏度、波长选择性、环境鲁棒性、干扰、低噪声信号放大和功耗。提出的仪器是建立在新型纳米复合材料的协同性能增强的基础上的，该复合材料包括一个超灵敏的设备，同时保持与大规模硅制造工艺的兼容性。建议的研究工作将有利于洪水中致病菌的研究。该频域光谱仪器件采用纳米复合光电子器件与硅CMOS技术相结合的混合片上系统方法，实现了低功耗、复杂信号处理和细菌分类。硅集成电路技术实现了系统的小型化，从而降低了功耗和导致系统噪声和性能下降的寄生组件。该项目非常适合获得EAGER资助，因为其拟议的研究项目涉及自组装纳米复合材料结构、高灵敏度模拟电子器件、超低功耗复用和数字化电路以及新兴纳米制造技术的融合。该项目将实现一种新型便携式荧光光谱仪，实现高通量荧光发射数据的时空相关性，用于细菌表征，这是目前系统无法实现的。由于需要在大动态范围内检测低电平、rf调制的光信号，本研究项目将探索具有先进功能的新型双极前端模拟电路的设计，包括可编程增益、斩波稳定和偏移补偿。将探讨用于片上信号量化和数字化的低功耗电路架构，以实现细菌分类的后端数字处理。

An award is made to Tufts University and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to develop a frequency domain spectrometer for high throughput tracking of bacteria in flood water in real time. In the aftermath of major catastrophic hurricanes like Harvey and Irma with winds that pull trees from their roots and roofs from houses, danger quietly continues at the microscopic level in the remaining floodwaters. This EAGER research project will advance fundamental research on sensing technology for rapid characterization of pathogenic bacteria in floodwater generated by future catastrophic events. Covering the spectrum from hybrid materials to system, there are variables and trade-offs that can only be clearly defined through methodical, directed experimentation. With this knowledge, synergistic innovations at material, device and system architecture are pursued to affect unprecedented sensor performance. The proposed cross-disciplinary research and education program will have significant broader impacts on fluorescence spectroscopy and optical sensor technology based on heterogeneous integration of nanocomposites on silicon. Instrument miniaturization will enable new studies correlating factors in water quality. Interactive workshops with biochemists and students will be organized to guide spectrometer development. There is a strong mentoring and training component for students at all levels at Tufts, RPI and the broader community.The objective of this proposal is to develop a highly sensitive frequency domain spectrometer instrument for high-throughput tracking of bacteria to quantify and identify bacteria in floodwater in real time, which significantly reduces labor, time, and cost. The proposed work focuses on the spectral and temporal characteristics of intrinsic fluorescence and the material, device, and circuit innovations needed to detect them. Significant technical barriers must be overcome including optical sensitivity, wavelength selectivity, environmental robustness, interference, low-noise signal amplification, and power consumption. The proposed instrument is built on enhancements from the synergistic properties of new nanocomposites that comprise an ultrasensitive device while remaining compatible with large-scale, silicon fabrication processes. The proposed research work will benefit studies of pathogenic bacteria in floodwaters. The frequency domain spectrometer device is realized using a hybrid system-on-chip approach combining nanocomposite optoelectronic devices integrated with silicon CMOS technology for low-power, complex signal processing and bacteria classification. Silicon integrated circuit technology enables system miniaturization, resulting in an overall reduction in power consumption and parasitic components that contribute to system noise and performance degradation. This project is well suited to an EAGER grant given the innovative aspects of the proposed research program involving the merger of self-assembled nanocomposite structures, high sensitivity analog electronics, ultra-low-power multiplexing and digitization circuitry, and emerging nanofabrication techniques. The project will realize a new class of portable fluorescence spectrometers, enabling high throughput spatial and temporal correlation of fluorescence emission data for bacteria characterization unachievable with current systems. Motivated by the need to detect low level, RF-modulated optical signals over a wide dynamic range, this research project will explore the design of novel bipolar front-end analog circuitry with advanced features, including programmable gain, chopper stabilization, and offset compensation. Low-power circuit architectures for on-chip signal quantization and digitization will be explored to enable back-end digital processing for bacteria classification.