OP: Towards Electrically Pumped Perovskite Quantum Dot Lasers

OP：走向电泵浦钙钛矿量子点激光器

• 批准号: 1807397
• 负责人: Lih Lin
• 金额: $ 35.99万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1807397&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OP; Towards; Electrically; Pumped; Perovskite

Photonic integrated circuits with miniature component sizes and high integration density have been regarded as the technology that can potentially provide breakthrough advancement in modern computing and communication systems, as it aims to achieve an optical analogy of VLSI that can overcome several bottleneck electronic technologies encounter such as speed, bandwidth, and power consumption. Key components in photonic integrated circuits include lasers, waveguides, modulators, and photodetectors that can be lithographically defined and fabricated on low-cost Si platforms to achieve ultimate system compatibilities. Among these, lasers have been the most challenging to integrate with Si due to the incompatible fabrication processes between laser gain materials and Si. In addition to computing and optical fiber communications, lasers that feature facile integration on Si can find vast application scopes in free-space communications, projection displays, lighting, spectroscopy, sensing, biomedicine, etc. Wavelength spectra ranging from UV, visible to IR are all desirable depending on the applications. Although heterogeneous optoelectronics based on chip-level bonding and III-V epitaxial growth on Si in bulk, nanowire or quantum dot (QD) forms have been pursued, the fabrication processes are elaborated which is likely to keep the cost high. Solution-processed materials such as organic materials offer a promising route to overcome this challenge as they can be fabricated on a wide variety of substrates, and organic LEDs have achieved impressive performance and are commercially available now. But the material has not been able to achieve laser operations chiefly due to low charge mobility. In recent years, hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials have emerged as a highly promising newcomer among photonic materials. These materials exhibit high charge mobility, sharp optical absorption edges and high absorption coefficients comparable to GaAs, as well as an unusual defect tolerance. Although lasing in perovskite materials in various resonant-cavity forms have been achieved, perovskite lasers with designed resonant cavities suitable for photonic integrated circuits have not been demonstrated. Furthermore, stability of the perovskite materials is still a main concern in this field, and electrical pumping remains a challenging, overarching goal for perovskite lasers. The objective of the proposed research is to improve and optimize key parameters for achieving electrical pumping in perovskite lasers, and to assess the feasibility of perovskite laser operation under current injection. We will investigate perovskite material properties to improve the charge mobility and material stability. Engineering of the electron and hole transport layers, as well as the device design, will be explored to further enhance the overall device stability. A vertical cavity laser will be designed and fabricated, and optimization of the resonant cavity based on the PI's prior work on optically pumped perovskite QD vertical cavity lasers will be pursued. A waveguide distributed feedback (DFB) laser that can be lithographically defined and fully compatible with Si photonic integrated circuit fabrication will also be explored. These edge-emitting waveguide lasers are expected to achieve lower lasing threshold due to longer gain length and highly confined optical modes. Pulsed current injection with temperature control will be employed to assess the feasibility of electrical pumping. Through the proposed research, key issues for electrically pumped perovskite lasers will be probed and addressed by investigating several aspects of device design and fabrication simultaneously, including material processing, electrical interfaces, optical structures and resonant cavities. The results will contribute to necessary knowledge for realizing electrically pumped perovskite lasers, which provide a promising route to integrated lasers on Si chips.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

具有微型元件尺寸和高集成密度的光子集成电路被认为是可以在现代计算和通信系统中提供突破性进展的技术，因为它旨在实现超大规模集成电路的光学类比，可以克服电子技术遇到的几个瓶颈，如速度，带宽和功耗。光子集成电路中的关键组件包括激光器、波导、调制器和光电探测器，它们可以在低成本的Si平台上以光刻方式定义和制造，以实现最终的系统兼容性。其中，由于激光增益材料和硅之间的制造工艺不兼容，激光器与硅的集成一直是最具挑战性的。除了计算和光纤通信之外，在硅上易于集成的激光器在自由空间通信、投影显示、照明、光谱、传感、生物医学等方面都有广阔的应用范围。波长光谱范围从紫外，可见光到红外都是理想的，这取决于应用。尽管基于芯片级键合和III-V外延生长在硅体、纳米线或量子点（QD）形式上的异质光电子学已经被追求，但制造工艺的阐述可能会使成本居高不下。溶液处理材料，如有机材料，为克服这一挑战提供了一条有前途的途径，因为它们可以在各种各样的衬底上制造，有机led已经取得了令人印象深刻的性能，现在已经商业化。但是由于低电荷迁移率，这种材料还不能实现激光操作。近年来，有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿杂化材料是光子材料中一个很有前途的新兴材料。这些材料具有高电荷迁移率，锐利的光学吸收边缘和与砷化镓相当的高吸收系数，以及不寻常的缺陷容忍度。虽然已经实现了钙钛矿材料中各种谐振腔形式的激光，但设计适合光子集成电路的谐振腔的钙钛矿激光器尚未得到证实。此外，钙钛矿材料的稳定性仍然是该领域的主要问题，电泵浦仍然是钙钛矿激光器的一个具有挑战性的首要目标。本研究的目的是改进和优化钙钛矿激光器中实现电泵浦的关键参数，并评估钙钛矿激光器在电流注入下工作的可行性。我们将研究钙钛矿材料的性质，以提高电荷迁移率和材料的稳定性。将探索电子和空穴输运层的工程设计以及器件设计，以进一步提高器件的整体稳定性。设计并制作了一个垂直腔激光器，并在PI先前光泵浦钙钛矿QD垂直腔激光器的基础上进行谐振腔的优化。波导分布反馈（DFB）激光器，可以光刻定义和完全兼容的硅光子集成电路制造也将被探索。这些边缘发射波导激光器由于具有较长的增益长度和高度受限的光学模式，有望实现较低的激光阈值。将采用温度控制的脉冲电流注入来评估电泵的可行性。通过所提出的研究，将通过同时研究器件设计和制造的几个方面，包括材料加工、电接口、光学结构和谐振腔，来探索和解决电泵浦钙钛矿激光器的关键问题。研究结果将为实现电泵钙钛矿激光器提供必要的知识，为硅芯片上集成激光器提供了一条有前途的途径。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Towards Perovskite LED Displays

• DOI: 10.1109/ipc47351.2020.9252363
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: 2020 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)
• 作者: Cheng Chang;Chen Zou;Mark Odendahl;Lih Y. Lin

Suppressing Efficiency Roll-Off at High Current Densities for Ultra-Bright Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

• DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01817
• 发表时间: 2020-05-26
• 期刊: ACS NANO
• 影响因子: 17.1
• 作者: Zou, Chen;Liu, Yun;Lin, Lih Y.
• 通讯作者: Lin, Lih Y.

Grating-patterned Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes for Enhanced Performance

光栅图案钙钛矿发光二极管可增强性能

• DOI: 10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jtu2a.113
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Zou, Chen;Lin, Lih Y.
• 通讯作者: Lin, Lih Y.

Vacuum‐Deposited Inorganic Perovskite Memory Arrays with Long‐Term Ambient Stability

• DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201900182
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters
• 作者: Chen Zou;Lijun He;Lih Y. Lin

Nonvolatile Rewritable Photomemory Arrays Based on Reversible Phase‐Change Perovskite for Optical Information Storage

• DOI: 10.1002/adom.201900558
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Advanced Optical Materials
• 影响因子: 9
• 作者: Chen Zou;Jiajiu Zheng;Cheng Chang;A. Majumdar;Lih Y. Lin