OP: Towards Electrically Pumped Perovskite Quantum Dot Lasers

OP：走向电泵浦钙钛矿量子点激光器

• 批准号: 1807397
• 负责人: Lih Lin
• 金额: $ 35.99万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1807397&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OP; Towards; Electrically; Pumped; Perovskite

Photonic integrated circuits with miniature component sizes and high integration density have been regarded as the technology that can potentially provide breakthrough advancement in modern computing and communication systems, as it aims to achieve an optical analogy of VLSI that can overcome several bottleneck electronic technologies encounter such as speed, bandwidth, and power consumption. Key components in photonic integrated circuits include lasers, waveguides, modulators, and photodetectors that can be lithographically defined and fabricated on low-cost Si platforms to achieve ultimate system compatibilities. Among these, lasers have been the most challenging to integrate with Si due to the incompatible fabrication processes between laser gain materials and Si. In addition to computing and optical fiber communications, lasers that feature facile integration on Si can find vast application scopes in free-space communications, projection displays, lighting, spectroscopy, sensing, biomedicine, etc. Wavelength spectra ranging from UV, visible to IR are all desirable depending on the applications. Although heterogeneous optoelectronics based on chip-level bonding and III-V epitaxial growth on Si in bulk, nanowire or quantum dot (QD) forms have been pursued, the fabrication processes are elaborated which is likely to keep the cost high. Solution-processed materials such as organic materials offer a promising route to overcome this challenge as they can be fabricated on a wide variety of substrates, and organic LEDs have achieved impressive performance and are commercially available now. But the material has not been able to achieve laser operations chiefly due to low charge mobility. In recent years, hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials have emerged as a highly promising newcomer among photonic materials. These materials exhibit high charge mobility, sharp optical absorption edges and high absorption coefficients comparable to GaAs, as well as an unusual defect tolerance. Although lasing in perovskite materials in various resonant-cavity forms have been achieved, perovskite lasers with designed resonant cavities suitable for photonic integrated circuits have not been demonstrated. Furthermore, stability of the perovskite materials is still a main concern in this field, and electrical pumping remains a challenging, overarching goal for perovskite lasers. The objective of the proposed research is to improve and optimize key parameters for achieving electrical pumping in perovskite lasers, and to assess the feasibility of perovskite laser operation under current injection. We will investigate perovskite material properties to improve the charge mobility and material stability. Engineering of the electron and hole transport layers, as well as the device design, will be explored to further enhance the overall device stability. A vertical cavity laser will be designed and fabricated, and optimization of the resonant cavity based on the PI's prior work on optically pumped perovskite QD vertical cavity lasers will be pursued. A waveguide distributed feedback (DFB) laser that can be lithographically defined and fully compatible with Si photonic integrated circuit fabrication will also be explored. These edge-emitting waveguide lasers are expected to achieve lower lasing threshold due to longer gain length and highly confined optical modes. Pulsed current injection with temperature control will be employed to assess the feasibility of electrical pumping. Through the proposed research, key issues for electrically pumped perovskite lasers will be probed and addressed by investigating several aspects of device design and fabrication simultaneously, including material processing, electrical interfaces, optical structures and resonant cavities. The results will contribute to necessary knowledge for realizing electrically pumped perovskite lasers, which provide a promising route to integrated lasers on Si chips.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

具有微型组件大小和高集成密度的光子集成电路已被视为可以在现代计算和通信系统中提供突破性进步的技术，因为它旨在实现VLSI的光学类比，可以克服几种瓶颈电子技术，例如快速，带翼和功耗。光子集成电路中的关键组件包括激光器，波导，调节器和光电探测器，可以在低成本的SI平台上定义和制造，以实现最终的系统兼容性。其中，由于激光增益材料和SI之间的不兼容的制造过程，激光与SI集成最具挑战性。除了计算和光纤通信外，在SI上具有便利集成的激光器还可以在自由空间通信，投影显示，照明，光谱，传感，生物医学等中找到巨大的应用程序范围。从UV到IR的波长，根据应用程序，都需要使用UV。尽管基于CHIP级键合的异质光电子和III-V散装，纳米线或量子点（QD）形式的III-V外延生长被追求，但制造过程是详尽的，可能会保持成本高。解决方案处理的材料（例如有机材料）为克服这一挑战提供了有前途的途径，因为它们可以在各种基板上进行制造，并且有机LED的性能令人印象深刻，并且现在可以在市售。但是，由于电荷较低的流动性，这些材料主要无法实现激光操作。近年来，在光子材料中，混合有机盐酸卤化物钙钛矿材料已成为备受希望的新人。这些材料表现出高电荷迁移率，尖锐的光吸收边缘和与GAAS相当的高吸收系数以及异常的缺陷耐受性。尽管已经达到了各种共振腔形式的钙钛矿材料的激光，但尚未证明具有适用于光子整合电路的设计谐振腔的钙钛矿激光器。此外，钙钛矿材料的稳定性仍然是该领域的主要问题，而电气抽水仍然是钙钛矿激光器的具有挑战性的总体目标。拟议的研究的目的是改善和优化关键参数，以实现钙钛矿激光器中的电泵送，并评估当前注射下钙钛矿激光器操作的可行性。我们将研究钙钛矿材料特性，以提高电荷迁移率和材料稳定性。将探索电子和孔传输层的工程以及设备设计，以进一步增强整体设备稳定性。将设计和制造垂直的腔激光器，并根据PI先前在光学泵送perovskite QD垂直腔激光器上的工作来优化谐振腔。还将探索波导指导的分布式反馈（DFB）激光器，该激光器可以在画画上定义并与Si光子积分电路制造完全兼容。由于增益长度较长和高度限制的光学模式，预计这些边缘发射波导激光器将达到较低的激光阈值。将使用温度控制的脉冲电流注入来评估电泵的可行性。通过拟议的研究，将通过同时研究设备设计和制造的几个方面，包括材料处理，电气接口，光学结构和谐振剂量，来探测和解决电动泵送钙钛矿激光器的关键问题。结果将有助于实现电动泵式钙钛矿激光器的必要知识，这为SI芯片上的集成激光提供了有希望的途径。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估的。

项目成果

Towards Perovskite LED Displays

• DOI: 10.1109/ipc47351.2020.9252363
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: 2020 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)
• 作者: Cheng Chang;Chen Zou;Mark Odendahl;Lih Y. Lin

Suppressing Efficiency Roll-Off at High Current Densities for Ultra-Bright Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

• DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01817
• 发表时间: 2020-05-26
• 期刊: ACS NANO
• 影响因子: 17.1
• 作者: Zou, Chen;Liu, Yun;Lin, Lih Y.
• 通讯作者: Lin, Lih Y.

Grating-patterned Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes for Enhanced Performance

光栅图案钙钛矿发光二极管可增强性能

• DOI: 10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jtu2a.113
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Zou, Chen;Lin, Lih Y.
• 通讯作者: Lin, Lih Y.

Nonvolatile Rewritable Photomemory Arrays Based on Reversible Phase‐Change Perovskite for Optical Information Storage

• DOI: 10.1002/adom.201900558
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Advanced Optical Materials
• 影响因子: 9
• 作者: Chen Zou;Jiajiu Zheng;Cheng Chang;A. Majumdar;Lih Y. Lin

Vacuum‐Deposited Inorganic Perovskite Memory Arrays with Long‐Term Ambient Stability

• DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201900182
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters
• 作者: Chen Zou;Lijun He;Lih Y. Lin