Elements: Software: HDR: A knowledge base of deep time to facilitate automated workflows in studying the co-evolution of the geosphere and biosphere

该项目将导致创建一个软件，支持对地球深层时间历史的研究。地球圈与生物圈的共同演化是21世纪地球科学的基本问题之一。关于协同进化的研究问题的多学科特征反映在需要整合的数据集的各种主题上。在过去的几十年里，许多开放数据设施都是在NSF和其他来源的支持下建立起来的。然而，缺乏有效的方法访问和综合多源数据集，阻碍了数据密集型协同进化研究的开展。地质时间是共同演化的地质圈和生物圈中的一个基本主题，可以作为连接数据竖井中各种参数的共同参考。该项目将提高各种全球、地方和区域地质时间标准的机器可读性和一致性，并建立一个深部时间知识库及其在Web上的服务。所有可交付成果都将得到很好的记录，并在开放获取下提供，以促进国家网络基础设施生态系统。计划的任务和活动将利用现有数据设施，促进可执行和可重复的工作流程，产生跨学科数据科学的最佳做法，为教育方案编制最先进的材料，并让女性和代表性不足的群体参与。在国家网络基础设施中共享，该项目中建立的知识库将能够支持广泛的研究、教育和推广项目，这不仅将造福于科学和工程，也将造福于整个社会。需要解决的研究问题是地质时间概念的异质性，这阻碍了多个数据设施之间的数据合成。因此，该项目的目标是建立一个深度时间的知识库，以在开放数据环境中自动访问和集成地球科学数据，并支持数据密集型科学发现的可执行工作流中的数据合成。开发方法将包括自上而下和自下而上的跟踪，以利用之前在地质时间本体论方面的工作，并通过用例分析解决最终用户的需求。通过精心设计的活动和工作计划，该项目的成果将包括一个机器可读的统一地质时间标准的知识库，用于访问和查询该知识库的服务和包，以及用于研究共同进化的工作流平台中的数据合成的最佳做法。开发的深层知识库将为协同进化研究人员解决数据异构性问题提供强有力的支持。健壮的服务将建立知识库，以支持工作流平台中的自动数据合成，以推动共同进化研究。该知识库的源代码和元数据将在GitHub上发布，并在社区储存库中注册，以便能够重复使用和改编。该奖项由NSF高级网络基础设施办公室颁发，由NSF地球科学局地球科学部的交叉活动计划和OAC新兴科学与工程研究网络基础设施(CESER)计划共同支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will result in the creation of a software that will support research in the Earth's deep time history. The co-evolution of the geosphere and biosphere is one of the fundamental questions for the 21st century Earth science. The multi-disciplinary characteristics of the research questions on co-evolution are reflected in the various subjects of datasets that need to be integrated. In the past decades, many open data facilities have been built through the support from NSF and other sources. However, the shortage of efficient methods for accessing and synthesizing multi-source datasets hamper the data-intensive co-evolution research. Geologic time is an essential topic in the co-evolving geosphere and biosphere, and can be used as a common reference to connect various parameters among the data silos. This project will improve the machine readability and alignment of various global, local and regional geologic time standards and build a knowledge base of deep time and its service on the Web. All the deliverables will be well-documented and offered under open-access to promote a national cyberinfrastructure ecosystem. The planned tasks and activities will leverage the usage of existing data facilities, facilitate executable and reproducible workflows, generate best practices of cross-disciplinary data science, generate state-of-the-art materials to education programs, and engage the participation of female and underrepresented groups. Shared in the national cyberinfrastructure, the knowledge base built in the project will be able to support a broad range of research, education and outreach programs, which will benefit not only science and engineering but also the society at large.The research question to be addressed is the heterogeneity of geologic time concepts that hamper the data synthesis among multiple data facilities. Accordingly, the objective of this project is to build a knowledge base of deep time to automate geoscience data access and integration in the open data environment, and to support data synthesis in executable workflows for data-intensive scientific discovery. The development approach will include both top-down and bottom-up tracks to leverage previous works on geologic time ontologies and address end user needs through use case analyses. With carefully designed activities and work plan, deliverables from this project will include a machine-readable knowledge base of aligned geologic time standards, services and packages for accessing and querying the knowledge base, and best practices of data synthesis in workflow platforms for studying the co-evolution. The developed knowledge base of deep time will provide powerful support to co-evolution researchers to tackle data heterogeneity issues. Robust services the knowledge base will be built to support automated data synthesis in workflow platforms to advance the co-evolution research. The source code and metadata of the knowledge base will be released on GitHub and registered on community repositories to enable reuse and adaptation. This award by the NSF Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure is jointly supported by the Cross-Cutting Activities Program of the Division of Earth Sciences within the NSF Directorate for Geosciences, and the OAC Cyberinfrastructure for Emerging Science and Engineering Research (CESER) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.