Elements: Software: HDR: A knowledge base of deep time to facilitate automated workflows in studying the co-evolution of the geosphere and biosphere

这个项目将导致一个软件的创建，该软件将支持对地球深层历史的研究。地圈与生物圈的共同演化是21世纪地球科学的基本问题之一。协同进化研究问题的多学科特征体现在需要整合的数据集的各个主题上。在过去的几十年里，通过NSF和其他来源的支持，建立了许多开放数据设施。然而，缺乏有效的多源数据集访问和综合方法，阻碍了数据密集型协同进化研究的开展。地质时间是地质圈与生物圈共同演化的一个重要课题，可以作为连接各数据筒仓之间各种参数的共同参考。该项目将提高机器的可读性和各种全球、地方和区域地质时间标准的一致性，并建立一个深时知识库及其在Web上的服务。所有成果都将得到充分记录，并以开放获取的方式提供，以促进国家网络基础设施生态系统。计划中的任务和活动将利用现有的数据设施，促进可执行和可重复的工作流程，产生跨学科数据科学的最佳实践，为教育计划产生最先进的材料，并吸引女性和代表性不足群体的参与。在国家网络基础设施中共享，该项目建立的知识库将能够支持广泛的研究、教育和推广计划，这将不仅有利于科学和工程，而且有利于整个社会。要解决的研究问题是地质时间概念的异质性，这阻碍了多个数据设施之间的数据综合。因此，该项目的目标是建立一个深时间知识库，在开放数据环境中实现地球科学数据的自动化访问和集成，并支持数据密集型科学发现的可执行工作流中的数据综合。开发方法将包括自顶向下和自底向上的轨迹，以利用以前在地质时间本体上的工作，并通过用例分析解决最终用户的需求。经过精心设计的活动和工作计划，该项目的可交付成果将包括一个机器可读的统一地质时间标准知识库，用于访问和查询知识库的服务和软件包，以及用于研究协同演化的工作流平台中数据综合的最佳实践。成熟的深度时间知识库将为协同进化研究人员解决数据异构问题提供有力支持。构建健壮的知识库，支持工作流平台中的自动数据合成，推进协同进化研究。知识库的源代码和元数据将在GitHub上发布，并在社区存储库上注册，以便重用和适应。该奖项由美国国家科学基金会高级网络基础设施办公室颁发，由美国国家科学基金会地球科学理事会地球科学部的跨领域活动计划和OAC新兴科学与工程研究网络基础设施（CESER）计划共同支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will result in the creation of a software that will support research in the Earth's deep time history. The co-evolution of the geosphere and biosphere is one of the fundamental questions for the 21st century Earth science. The multi-disciplinary characteristics of the research questions on co-evolution are reflected in the various subjects of datasets that need to be integrated. In the past decades, many open data facilities have been built through the support from NSF and other sources. However, the shortage of efficient methods for accessing and synthesizing multi-source datasets hamper the data-intensive co-evolution research. Geologic time is an essential topic in the co-evolving geosphere and biosphere, and can be used as a common reference to connect various parameters among the data silos. This project will improve the machine readability and alignment of various global, local and regional geologic time standards and build a knowledge base of deep time and its service on the Web. All the deliverables will be well-documented and offered under open-access to promote a national cyberinfrastructure ecosystem. The planned tasks and activities will leverage the usage of existing data facilities, facilitate executable and reproducible workflows, generate best practices of cross-disciplinary data science, generate state-of-the-art materials to education programs, and engage the participation of female and underrepresented groups. Shared in the national cyberinfrastructure, the knowledge base built in the project will be able to support a broad range of research, education and outreach programs, which will benefit not only science and engineering but also the society at large.The research question to be addressed is the heterogeneity of geologic time concepts that hamper the data synthesis among multiple data facilities. Accordingly, the objective of this project is to build a knowledge base of deep time to automate geoscience data access and integration in the open data environment, and to support data synthesis in executable workflows for data-intensive scientific discovery. The development approach will include both top-down and bottom-up tracks to leverage previous works on geologic time ontologies and address end user needs through use case analyses. With carefully designed activities and work plan, deliverables from this project will include a machine-readable knowledge base of aligned geologic time standards, services and packages for accessing and querying the knowledge base, and best practices of data synthesis in workflow platforms for studying the co-evolution. The developed knowledge base of deep time will provide powerful support to co-evolution researchers to tackle data heterogeneity issues. Robust services the knowledge base will be built to support automated data synthesis in workflow platforms to advance the co-evolution research. The source code and metadata of the knowledge base will be released on GitHub and registered on community repositories to enable reuse and adaptation. This award by the NSF Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure is jointly supported by the Cross-Cutting Activities Program of the Division of Earth Sciences within the NSF Directorate for Geosciences, and the OAC Cyberinfrastructure for Emerging Science and Engineering Research (CESER) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.