Quantification of the Impacts of Urban Areas on Heavy Rainfall and Flooding from North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones

量化城市地区对北大西洋热带气旋带来的暴雨和洪水的影响

• 批准号: 1840742
• 负责人: Gabriele Villarini
• 金额: $ 39.99万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1840742&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantification; Impacts; Urban; Areas; Heavy

This project investigates the how rainfall occurring during tropical cyclones is altered by urban infrastructure such as paved surfaces. Coastal cities in the United States are home to millions of people and are vulnerable to extreme rainfall and flooding caused by tropical storms. It is known that urban areas increase flooding because of their vast paved surfaces, but less is known about how urban areas impact the rainfall during these storms. This study examines if urban areas result in an increase in rainfall during tropical cyclone storms. Changes in flooding associated with urban development are of broad interest for flood management. Understanding and quantifying how urban areas impact rainfall and flooding can lead to improved local flood forecasts. This could help to inform governmental policy on managing the impacts of floods. This project contributes to the education of one graduate student, provides internship opportunities for several undergraduate students to nurture their interest in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math fields, and offers professional development workshops for high school teachers.The proposed research focuses on land-falling tropical cyclones impacting major U.S. cities over a nearly 40-year period to examine the role played by urbanization in controlling the rainfall and flooding associated with these storms. The specific goals of the proposed research are to: 1) improve our understanding of the role of urban areas in modifying rainfall associated with U.S. land-falling tropical cyclones; 2) quantify the impacts of the cities in exacerbating flood response; and 3) characterize the urban signature in terms of the alteration of precipitation and runoff during the passage of tropical cyclones. The proposed work is built on both observations and modeling results, providing a comprehensive examination of the interactions between tropical cyclones and urban areas. The knowledge, tools, and datasets developed in this project enhance the methodological tools used for characterizing tropical cyclone rainfall in urban areas and advance interdisciplinary studies of hydrologic and atmospheric science, regional climate modeling, climatology, and applied statistics. This project provides professional development workshops for high school teachers to help them teach weather and climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目调查了热带气旋期间发生的降雨是如何被城市基础设施（如铺砌的表面）改变的。美国沿海城市是数百万人的家园，容易受到热带风暴造成的极端降雨和洪水的影响。众所周知，城市地区由于铺设了大量路面而增加了洪水，但人们对城市地区如何影响这些风暴期间的降雨知之甚少。这项研究考察了在热带气旋风暴期间，城市地区是否会导致降雨量增加。与城市发展相关的洪水变化对洪水管理具有广泛的意义。了解和量化城市地区如何影响降雨和洪水可以改善当地的洪水预报。这有助于为政府管理洪水影响的政策提供信息。该项目有助于培养一名研究生，为几名本科生提供实习机会，培养他们对科学、技术、工程和数学领域的兴趣，并为高中教师提供专业发展讲习班。拟议的研究侧重于近40年来影响美国主要城市的登陆热带气旋，以检查城市化在控制与这些风暴相关的降雨和洪水方面所起的作用。拟议研究的具体目标是：1)提高我们对城市地区在改变与美国登陆热带气旋相关的降雨中的作用的理解；2)量化城市在加剧洪水响应中的影响；③热带气旋通过期间降水和径流变化的城市特征。拟议的工作建立在观测和模拟结果的基础上，对热带气旋和城市地区之间的相互作用进行了全面的考察。本项目开发的知识、工具和数据集增强了用于表征城市地区热带气旋降雨的方法学工具，并推进了水文和大气科学、区域气候模拟、气候学和应用统计学的跨学科研究。该项目为高中教师提供专业发展讲习班，帮助他们教授天气和气候。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The East Asian Subtropical Jet Stream and Atlantic Tropical Cyclones

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl088851
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Wei Zhang;G. Villarini;G. Vecchi

Analyses Through the Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution Identify Contributions of Tropical Cyclones to Rainfall Extremes in the Eastern United States

通过元统计极值分布分析确定热带气旋对美国东部极端降雨量的贡献

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl087238
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Miniussi, Arianna;Villarini, Gabriele;Marani, Marco
• 通讯作者: Marani, Marco

Tropical cyclone precipitation in the HighResMIP atmosphere-only experiments of the PRIMAVERA Project

• DOI: 10.1007/s00382-021-05707-x
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Climate Dynamics
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Wei Zhang;G. Villarini;E. Scoccimarro;M. Roberts;P. Vidale;B. Vannière;L. Caron;D. Putrasahan;C. Roberts;Retish Senan;M. Moine