EAGER: Manufacturing USA: Viscoelastic Model for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Polymers

EAGER：美国制造：基于挤出的聚合物 3D 打印的粘弹性模型

• 批准号: 1841507
• 负责人: Chad Duty
• 金额: $ 11.64万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Manufacturing; USA; Viscoelastic; Model

This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) project presents a much-needed, general framework for 3D printing of extruded polymers and investigates the bounding conditions that determine a successful processing window for a given machine and material combination. Continued development of specialized and high-performance material systems are needed for the application space for extrusion-based 3D printing techniques to grow; these resin materials can be costly, and with deposition rates exceeding 50 kg/h for certain systems, the prospect of trial-and-error based process development is not feasible, and a fundamental scientific understanding of the process is needed. Fundamental printing criteria may be generally applied across multiple printing platforms to guide future process and material development as well as influencing current design decisions for 3D printing approaches. Such research is essential for important industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, medical products and defense. Thus, this project directly impacts American economic welfare and national security. The popularity of 3D printing among today's youth (K-12 through college) also makes it the perfect platform to attract and inspire the next generation of engineers, including underrepresented minorities and women, and introduce complex topics such as rheology and composite materials in a tangible, accessible manner with clear implications on resulting component quality and performance.The objective of this research is to identify the fundamental laws of nature that dominate the behavior of extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers. A generalized viscoelastic framework is planned for multiple modes of extrusion-based 3D printing across multiple platforms that incorporates specific pass/fail criteria. For each printing mode, a fundamental bounding equation is planned that dominates the behavior of the system and predicts the success or failure of the printing process under given operating conditions. This project will focus on the first two modes of extrusion-based deposition; namely the pressure-driven extrusion of viscoelastic material through a circular orifice and the formation of a stable geometry. The bounding equations for each mode will be refined by exploring the processing parameter space of several relevant polymer systems in the processing region about the boundary condition. The result of each research task will be a refined and validated boundary equation that may be applied across multiple platforms and material compositions. As the bounding equations for each of the printing modes are refined, they will be combined into a "processing space map" framework that will guide future innovations in material properties and successful 3D printing processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个探索性研究（EAGER）项目的早期概念资助为挤出聚合物的3D打印提供了一个急需的通用框架，并研究了确定给定机器和材料组合成功加工窗口的边界条件。为了扩大基于挤压的3D打印技术的应用空间，需要不断发展专业化和高性能的材料系统；这些树脂材料价格昂贵，而且某些系统的沉积速率超过50 kg/h，基于试错的工艺开发前景不可行，需要对该工艺有基本的科学理解。基本的打印标准通常可以跨多个打印平台应用，以指导未来的工艺和材料开发，以及影响当前3D打印方法的设计决策。此类研究对于航空航天、汽车、医疗产品和国防等重要工业部门至关重要。因此，这个项目直接影响到美国的经济福利和国家安全。3D打印在当今青年（K-12到大学）中的普及也使其成为吸引和激励下一代工程师（包括代表性不足的少数民族和女性）的完美平台，并以有形的，可访问的方式介绍复杂的主题，如流变学和复合材料，对所产生的组件质量和性能有明确的影响。本研究的目的是确定主宰聚合物挤出3D打印行为的基本自然规律。通用粘弹性框架计划用于跨多个平台的基于挤压的3D打印的多种模式，其中包含特定的通过/不通过标准。对于每种打印模式，都规划了一个基本边界方程，该方程支配系统的行为，并预测给定操作条件下打印过程的成功或失败。该项目将侧重于前两种挤压沉积模式；即压力驱动的粘弹性材料通过圆孔挤压而形成稳定的几何形状。通过在边界条件下探索加工区域内几种相关聚合物体系的加工参数空间，对每种模式的边界方程进行细化。每个研究任务的结果将是一个精炼和验证的边界方程，可以应用于多个平台和材料组合。随着每种打印模式的边界方程的细化，它们将被组合成一个“加工空间图”框架，该框架将指导未来材料特性的创新和成功的3D打印工艺。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Rheological survey of carbon fiber-reinforced high-temperature thermoplastics for big area additive manufacturing tooling applications

• DOI: 10.1177/0892705719873941
• 发表时间: 2019-09-08
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Ajinjeru, Christine;Kishore, Vidya;Duty, Chad
• 通讯作者: Duty, Chad

Rheological behavior of neat and carbon fiber‐reinforced poly(ether ketone ketone) for extrusion deposition additive manufacturing

用于挤出沉积增材制造的纯纤维和碳纤维增强聚（醚酮酮）的流变行为

• DOI: 10.1002/pen.25362
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Polymer Engineering & Science
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Kishore, Vidya;Ajinjeru, Christine;Hassen, Ahmed A.;Lindahl, John;Kunc, Vlastimil;Duty, Chad
• 通讯作者: Duty, Chad

Measurement and Analysis of Pressure Profile Within Big Area Additive Manufacturing Single Screw Extruder.

大面积增材制造单螺杆挤出机内压力分布的测量和分析。

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium proceedings
• 作者: Dvorak, C. Duty