SBIR Phase I: Impedance-Based Battery Health Management for Large Format Lithium-Ion Battery Packs

该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力是电池技术的进步。由于全球对电动汽车(EV)和固定存储行业的需求不断增长，对完美电池的竞争正在加剧。人们正在寻找新的方法来提高能量和功率密度，减少充电时间，并延长电池寿命。该项目将创建一种诊断工具，提供前所未有的电池内部一瞥，并有可能加快对电池老化过程的科学理解。更准确的电池劣化实时评估可以为车载算法提供信息，可以提高整体电池组效率，并对汽车制造商和固定存储用户产生重大成本节约影响。这种可预测性可实现更具成本效益的保修管理、改进的充电和安全算法以及更高效的电池组设计。对剩余使用寿命的感知还使电池能够在二次应用中重复使用-创造新的商业机会，同时新的收入来源使电池更可持续。归根结底，这降低了消费者和制造商的成本，并为社会更环保地使用资源做出了贡献。这个小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目揭示了大型锂电池的关键见解。今天？S电池管理系统(BMS)不跟踪电池？S的实际退化指标，所以它无法预测剩余的使用寿命。这使得人们很难预测S电池寿命即将结束时容量突然急剧下降的悬崖。这迫使电池制造商过度设计电池系统，以降低保修到期前过早故障的可能性。建议的研究使用了BMS上的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)。EIS是一种测量电池阻抗的诊断工具--这是今天只有在实验室才能做到的事情。跟踪阻抗解锁了寿命周期的退化数据，并帮助电池工程师更好地了解高压电池组的长期退化行为。该项目的重点将是1)最大限度地减少测量串联电池组中每个电池的阻抗所需的硬件，以及2)减少与阻抗测量相关的停机时间。这项拟议的创新将独特的硬件架构与宽带隙半导体和自适应电荷控制算法相结合，以最大限度地减少硬件尺寸。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is the advancement of battery technologies. The race for the perfect battery is intensifying due to growing global demand for both the electric vehicle (EV) and stationary storage industries. The search is on for new ways to improve energy and power density, reduce charging time, and extend battery life. The project will create a diagnostic tool that provides an unprecedented glimpse inside the battery and has the potential to accelerate scientific understanding of how batteries age. A more accurate assessment of battery degradation in real time can inform on-board algorithms, can improve overall battery pack efficiency, and has major cost saving impacts for automakers and stationary storage users. This predictability enables more cost-effective warranty management, improved charging and safety algorithms, and ever more efficient battery pack designs. Having a sense of remaining useful life also enables the battery to be re-used in a secondary application - creating new business opportunities while a new revenue stream making batteries more sustainable. Ultimately, this reduces costs for both consumers and manufacturers, and contributes to greener use of resources for society. This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project unlocks key insights for large-format lithium batteries. Today?s battery management systems (BMS) do not track a battery?s actual degradation metrics so it cannot forecast remaining useful life. This makes it hard to predict the ?cliff?, a sudden and steep drop in capacity near a battery?s end of life. This forces battery makers to overdesign battery systems to reduce chances of premature failure before the warranty expiration. The proposed research employs electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) onboard a BMS. EIS is a diagnostic tool that measures battery impedance - something only possible in a lab setting today. Tracking impedance unlocks a lifetime of degradation data and helps battery engineers better understand the long-term degradation behavior of high voltage battery packs. The project will focus on 1) minimizing the required hardware to measure impedance of each cell in a series-connected battery pack, and 2) reducing the down-time associated with the impedance measurement. The proposed innovation blends a unique hardware architecture with wide-bandgap semiconductors and adaptive charge-control algorithms to minimize hardware size. These help to reduce overall system cost and unlocks orders of magnitude improvement in hardware scalability over existing EIS methods.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.