SBP: Disaggregating Racial Groups to Understand the Contexts that Shape Discrimination

美国人口由许多不同的种族和民族组成。这些群体中增长最快的是亚裔美国人和拉丁裔。作为少数群体的成员，亚裔美国人和拉丁裔人经常受到歧视和偏见。几十年来，社会科学和行为科学的研究在理解这种歧视的本质、其有害后果以及如何制定政策和做法以减少这些有害影响方面取得了重大进展。这些理论和研究有助于更好地理解多种形式的歧视，以及少数种族如何应对歧视。然而，这部作品的绝大部分都是基于美国的黑人与白人的关系以及非洲裔美国人的具体经历。因此，亚裔美国人和拉丁裔人所面临的独特形式的歧视可能被当权者忽视和认识不足。理解这一点很重要，因为旨在纠正歧视形式的政策和做法实际上可能对美国一些有色人种的健康和成功有害。该项目旨在完善对歧视的基本理解，以更全面地解释亚裔美国人和拉丁裔人所经历的歧视形式，这最终可以提高整个社会的生产力、健康和福利。本项目采用大规模审计研究和控制实验室实验来调查种族和少数民族群体是否面临不同形式的歧视。该研究考虑了不同形式的歧视对报告歧视的可能性的影响，以及如何根据所针对的种族和民族群体采取不同的策略来减少歧视。该项目通过区分社会刻板印象的两个维度：感知自卑和文化外来性，提供了概念上的改进。通过系统地整合这两个方面，将对不太经常成为这一领域理论和研究重点的群体所面临的不同形式的歧视获得新的见解。这项研究调查了亚裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人在劳动力市场上是否比白人和非洲裔美国人在需要典型美国人特征（如英语语言能力）的工作上面临更多的歧视。该项目还研究了基于文化异域性的歧视是否有可能被当权者忽视为歧视。实验还考虑了亚裔美国人和拉丁裔人应对这些形式歧视的独特策略。了解不同种族和少数民族群体所面临的各种形式的歧视，是认识、关注并最终消除这些歧视的关键一步。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The United States population is composed of many different racial and ethnic groups. Among the fastest growing of such groups are Asian American and Latinx people. As members of minority groups, Asian American and Latinx people frequently experience discrimination and prejudice. Many decades of research in the social and behavioral sciences has made significant progress in understanding the nature of such discrimination, its harmful consequences, and how policies and practices can be shaped to reduce those harmful effects. This body of theory and research has helped to develop a much better understanding of the many forms of discrimination, and how racial minorities respond to discrimination. Yet the vast majority of this work is based on the Black-White relationship in the U.S. and the specific experiences of African American people. As a result, the unique forms of discrimination faced by Asian American and Latinx people may be overlooked and poorly recognized by those in power. This is important to understand because policies and practices that are meant to remedy forms of discrimination may actually be harmful to the health and success of some people of color in the U.S. This project seeks to refine basic understanding of discrimination in a way that more fully accounts for the forms of discrimination experienced by Asian American and Latinx people, which can ultimately improve the productivity, health, and welfare for all of society.This project uses large-scale audit studies and controlled laboratory experiments to investigate whether racial and ethnic minority groups face different forms of discrimination. The research considers the implications that different forms of discrimination have on the likelihood of reporting discrimination, and how different strategies may be required to reduce discrimination based on which racial and ethnic group is targeted. The project offers a conceptual refinement by distinguishing two dimensions of social stereotypes: perceived inferiority and cultural foreignness. By systematically integrating these two dimensions, new insight will be gained into the distinct forms of discrimination faced by groups who have less-frequently been the focus of theory and research in this area. The research investigates whether Asian American and Latinx people face more discrimination in the labor market than do White and African American people for jobs that require stereotypical American characteristics (e.g., English language abilities). The project also examines whether discrimination based on cultural foreignness is likely to be unrecognized as discrimination by those in power. Experiments also consider unique strategies used by Asian American and Latinx people to cope with these forms of discrimination. Understanding the varying forms of discrimination faced by different racial and ethnic minority groups is a critical step in recognizing, attending to, and eventually eliminating these forms of discrimination.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.