SBP: Disaggregating Racial Groups to Understand the Contexts that Shape Discrimination

美国人口由许多不同的种族和民族组成。 其中增长最快的群体是亚裔美国人和拉丁美洲人。作为少数民族的一员，亚裔和拉丁裔美国人经常遭受歧视和偏见。 几十年来，社会和行为科学的研究在理解这种歧视的性质、其有害后果以及如何制定政策和做法以减少这些有害影响方面取得了重大进展。这些理论和研究有助于更好地理解多种形式的歧视，以及少数民族如何应对歧视。然而，这项工作的绝大多数是基于美国的黑白关系和非洲裔美国人的具体经历。因此，亚裔美国人和拉丁裔人所面临的独特形式的歧视可能被当权者忽视和认识不足。理解这一点很重要，因为旨在纠正歧视形式的政策和做法实际上可能对美国一些有色人种的健康和成功有害。该项目采用大规模审计研究和受控实验室实验，调查种族和族裔少数群体是否面临不同形式的歧视。这项研究考虑了不同形式的歧视对报告歧视的可能性的影响，以及如何根据所针对的种族和族裔群体采取不同的战略来减少歧视。该项目通过区分社会定型观念的两个方面提供了一个概念上的改进：自卑感和文化上的陌生感。通过系统地将这两个方面结合起来，将对不经常成为这一领域理论和研究重点的群体所面临的不同形式的歧视有新的认识。这项研究调查了亚裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人在劳动力市场上是否比白色人和非洲裔美国人面临更多的歧视，因为这些工作需要刻板的美国人特征（例如，英语能力）。该项目还审查了基于文化外来性的歧视是否可能被当权者视为歧视。实验还考虑了亚裔美国人和拉丁裔人用来科普这些形式的歧视的独特策略。了解不同种族和少数民族群体所面临的各种形式的歧视是认识、关注并最终消除这些形式歧视的关键一步。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

The United States population is composed of many different racial and ethnic groups. Among the fastest growing of such groups are Asian American and Latinx people. As members of minority groups, Asian American and Latinx people frequently experience discrimination and prejudice. Many decades of research in the social and behavioral sciences has made significant progress in understanding the nature of such discrimination, its harmful consequences, and how policies and practices can be shaped to reduce those harmful effects. This body of theory and research has helped to develop a much better understanding of the many forms of discrimination, and how racial minorities respond to discrimination. Yet the vast majority of this work is based on the Black-White relationship in the U.S. and the specific experiences of African American people. As a result, the unique forms of discrimination faced by Asian American and Latinx people may be overlooked and poorly recognized by those in power. This is important to understand because policies and practices that are meant to remedy forms of discrimination may actually be harmful to the health and success of some people of color in the U.S. This project seeks to refine basic understanding of discrimination in a way that more fully accounts for the forms of discrimination experienced by Asian American and Latinx people, which can ultimately improve the productivity, health, and welfare for all of society.This project uses large-scale audit studies and controlled laboratory experiments to investigate whether racial and ethnic minority groups face different forms of discrimination. The research considers the implications that different forms of discrimination have on the likelihood of reporting discrimination, and how different strategies may be required to reduce discrimination based on which racial and ethnic group is targeted. The project offers a conceptual refinement by distinguishing two dimensions of social stereotypes: perceived inferiority and cultural foreignness. By systematically integrating these two dimensions, new insight will be gained into the distinct forms of discrimination faced by groups who have less-frequently been the focus of theory and research in this area. The research investigates whether Asian American and Latinx people face more discrimination in the labor market than do White and African American people for jobs that require stereotypical American characteristics (e.g., English language abilities). The project also examines whether discrimination based on cultural foreignness is likely to be unrecognized as discrimination by those in power. Experiments also consider unique strategies used by Asian American and Latinx people to cope with these forms of discrimination. Understanding the varying forms of discrimination faced by different racial and ethnic minority groups is a critical step in recognizing, attending to, and eventually eliminating these forms of discrimination.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.