Biologische Bodenkrustenalgen in den Polarregionen - Biodiversität, genetische Diversität und Ökosystem-Elastizität unter Global Change Szenarien

极地生物地壳藻类——全球变化情景下的生物多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统弹性

基本信息

批准号：
237488018
负责人：
Professor Dr. Burkhard Becker
金额：
--
依托单位：
Dep. of Biological Sciences
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/237488018?language=en
关键词：
Biologische Bodenkrustenalgen den Polarregionen Biodiversit

项目摘要

Terrestrial green algae and cyanobacteria are typical and abundant components of biological soil crusts in the polar regions. These communities form water-stable aggregates that have important ecological roles in primary production, nitrogen fixation, nutrient cycling, water retention and stabilization of soils. Although available data on green algae and cyanobacteria are generally very limited for the Arctic and Antarctica, their functional importance as ecosystem developers in nutrient poor environments is regarded as high. Therefore, the main goal of the interdisciplinary project is, for the first time, a precise evaluation of their 1.) biodiversity as well as of 2.) the infra-specific genetic diversity, 3.) ecophysiological performance and 4.) transcriptomics of the most abundant taxa in biological soil crusts isolated from the Antarctic Peninsula and Arctic Svalbard. Biodiversity will be investigated using a classical culture approach in combination with molecular-taxonomical methods as well as with metagenomics. The infra-specific genetic diversity of the most abundant green algae and cyanobacteria will be studied using fingerprinting techniques, and a range of selected populations characterised in relation to their physiological plasticity. Temperature and water availability, two key environmental factors for terrestrial organisms, are currently changing in polar regions due to global warming, and hence their effect on growth and photosynthesis response patterns will be comparatively investigated. The data will indicate whether and how global change influence population structure and ecological performance of key organisms in polar soil crusts, and help to make predictions on the future significance of the ecological functions of these pioneer communities. Such a multiphasic approach has never been applied before to soil algae and cyanobacteria in both polar regions, and hence represents one of the key innovations of this proposal.

陆地绿藻类和蓝细菌是极性区域生物土壤外壳的典型和丰富成分。这些社区形成了水稳定的聚集体，这些聚集体在初级生产，氮固定，养分循环，保留水和土壤稳定中具有重要的生态作用。尽管有关北极和南极洲的绿藻类和蓝细菌的可用数据通常非常有限，但作为营养较差环境中生态系统开发人员的功能重要性被认为是很高的。因此，跨学科项目的主要目标是对其1.）生物多样性和2.）首次进行精确评估。生物多样性将使用经典培养方法与分子兼容方法以及宏基因组学结合进行研究。将使用指纹技术研究最丰富的绿藻和蓝细菌的遗传多样性，以及与其生理可塑性相关的一系列选定种群。温度和水的可用性是陆生生物的两个关键环境因素，目前由于全球变暖而在极地发生变化，因此将相对研究它们对生长和光合作用响应模式的影响。数据将表明全球变化是否以及如何影响极地土壤外壳中关键生物的种群结构和生态表现，并有助于对这些先锋社区的生态功能的未来意义进行预测。在两个极地地区，这种多相方法从未在土壤藻类和蓝细菌上应用，因此代表了该提案的关键创新之一。