Evolutionarily conserved links between regulating phosphate starvation and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plants (EvoSymPho)

磷（P）和氮（N）一样，是所有生命所需的重要营养素。它通常在自然环境中少量存在。因此，磷通常被认为是水生和陆生生态系统中的“限制性”营养素，这意味着这种营养素的可用性控制着水生和陆生植物（包括藻类）的生长和生产力。在大多数陆地植物中，与菌根真菌和主要存在于豆科植物中的固氮根瘤菌共生，极大地促进了土壤P和N的吸收。丛枝菌根（AM）以及其他植物共生体的发育依赖于宿主植物中的共同共生信号传导途径（CSSP），该途径识别微生物伴侣并刺激共生所需基因的表达。此外，AM和固氮共生体通过相互关联的反应途径由宿主的P和N状态控制。CSSP和磷酸盐饥饿反应（PSR）途径的关键组分在藻类和陆生植物之间是保守的。然而，PSR和CSSP组分的藻类直向同源物的功能目前尚不清楚。最近的研究表明，AM共生是由受体激酶的网络，包括表面定位，跨膜受体样激酶（RLKs）和受体样细胞质激酶（RLCK）的CSSP下游的调制。我们的项目旨在阐明RLK/RLCK蛋白之间的相互作用和上游和下游的调控步骤，这对于理解陆地植物中CSSP背景下AM共生信号传导中RLCK的进化和分子机制至关重要。我们计划比较地钱，形成AM共生，与进化上遥远的水生和陆生的Zygnema，这属于现存的姐妹组的陆地植物。我们期望获得显着的洞察AM共生调控的演变和磷酸盐传感和信号的整合。我们的项目将补充MAdLand内的其他建议，整合环境线索的传感，下游细胞信号传导和转录反应，这些反应是陆地生命复杂适应性特征的基础。

Phosphorus (P) like nitrogen (N), is a critical nutrient required for all life. It generally occurs in small quantities in the natural environment. Therefore, P is usually considered the "limiting" nutrient in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, meaning that the availability of this nutrient controls the growth and productivity of aquatic and terrestrial plants, including algae. In most land plants, symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia mainly in legumes, greatly facilitates soil P and N uptake. The development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as well as other plant symbioses depends on the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) in host plants which recognizes the microbial partner and stimulates the expression of genes required for the symbiosis. Furthermore, AM and nodulation symbioses are controlled by the P and N status of the host via interlinked response pathways. Key components of the CSSP and the phosphate starvation response (PSR) pathway are conserved between algae and land plants. However, the function of algal orthologues of PSR and CSSP components is currently unknown. Recent work has shown that the AM symbiosis is modulated downstream of the CSSP by a network of receptor kinases including surface localized, transmembrane receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). Our project aims to elucidate the interactions between RLK/RLCK proteins and upstream and downstream regulatory steps that are important for understanding the evolution and the molecular mechanisms of RLCKs in AM symbiosis signaling in the context of the CSSP in land plants. We plan to compare the liverwort Marchantia paleacea, which forms AM symbiosis, with the evolutionarily distant aquatic and terrestrial alga Zygnema, which belongs to the extant sister group of land plants. We expect to gain significant insight into the evolution of AM symbiosis regulation and the integration of phosphate sensing and signaling. Our project will complement other proposals within MAdLand on integrating sensing of environmental cues, downstream cellular signaling and transcriptional responses underlying complex adaptive traits for life on land.