Multivariate Analysis for Samples of Networks

以网络形式收集的数据在实践中变得越来越常见，但传统的统计工具不适用于这种数据。该项目将为几种常见的统计分析开发一个网络感知方法的统计工具箱。主要的激励应用是神经成像，它可以收集人类受试者的大脑连接网络数据。这些方法可用于识别与疾病相关的大脑连接模式，估计儿童和青少年的正常大脑发育轨迹和偏离该轨迹的情况，研究与老年人正常和异常衰老相关的变化，以及发现已知疾病的新亚型。这些方法将与神经学家密切合作开发和广泛测试。该项目开发用于向量值数据的常见多变量分析工具的网络模拟，如估计平均值、分类、聚类和主成分分析。最主要的主题是开发网络感知方法，在将网络分解为几个全球汇总衡量标准和将它们视为边权重的一个长长的单一向量之间取得平衡，目的是获得不仅准确而且可科学解释的方法。从广义上讲，开发这种方法的技术挑战源于需要将诸如社区之类的高级网络结构强加于诸如个体边权重之类的低级网络特征。应对这些挑战将涉及到现代随机矩阵理论、结构化惩罚、高级优化技术和计算效率算法的复杂工具，这些工具将为所提出的每一种新的网络分析工具开发。与神经学家和精神病学家的密切合作将确保开发的统计工具在神经成像界得到彻底的测试和审查。项目成果将通过出版物、演示文稿和软件包在统计和神经成像场所广泛传播，预计将提高大脑连接学领域统计网络分析的现有标准。该项目还将在现代统计学的一个重要新兴领域培训研究生，并帮助他们发展先进的计算和跨学科协作技能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Data collected in the form of networks, often with weighted edges, have become increasingly common in practice, but classical statistical tools do not apply to such data. This project will develop a statistical toolbox of network-aware methods for several common statistical analyses. The main motivating application is neuroimaging, which allows collecting brain connectivity network data from human subjects. These methods can be used to identify brain connectivity patterns associated with disorders, to estimate normal brain development trajectories and deviations from it for children and adolescents, to study changes associated with normal and abnormal aging in older subjects, and to find new subtypes of known disorders. The methods will be developed and extensively tested in close collaboration with neuroscientists.This project develops network analogues for common multivariate analysis tools for vector-valued data, such as estimating the mean, classification, clustering, and principal component analysis. The overarching theme is developing network-aware methods by striking the balance between collapsing the networks to a few global summary measures and treating them as a long single vector of edge weights, with the goal to obtain methods that are not only accurate, but also scientifically interpretable. The technical challenges in developing such methods arise, broadly speaking, from the need to impose high-level network structure, such as communities, onto low-level network features, such as individual edge weights. Addressing these challenges will involve sophisticated tools from modern random matrix theory, structured penalties, advanced optimization techniques, and computationally efficient algorithms, to be developed for each of the new network analysis tools proposed. The close collaboration with neuroscientists and psychiatrists will ensure that the statistical tools developed are thoroughly tested and vetted in the neuroimaging community. Project results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations, and software packages, in both statistical and neuroimaging venues, and are expected to raise the current standards for statistical network analysis in the field of brain connectomics. The project will also train graduate students in an important emerging area of modern statistics and help them develop advanced computing and interdisciplinary collaboration skills.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.