Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2019-2022

南极自动气象站网络是南极最广泛的地面气象网络，其几个数据站已经进入第30个年头。它的主要关注点也是作为一项长期观测记录，测量南极大气的近地表天气和气候学。南极自动气象站在标称地表高度约2-3米处测量气温、气压、风速和风向。也可以采用其他参数，如相对湿度和积雪。南极自动气象站网络的地面观测也用于业务、预报和实地工作规划。通过该网络进行的地面观测也被用于检查卫星和遥感观测的有效性。拟议的努力使我们了解了南极环境及其过去几十年的天气和气候趋势。这项研究对美国南极计划在冬季的潜在未来行动和后勤具有重要意义。作为这一努力的一部分，所有项目参与者将参与一项协调的外联工作，将著名的南极“寒冷”带到公共研讨会、K-12、本科生和研究生教室以及老年人中心。该项目提议利用南极自动气象站(AWS)网络观测的地表条件来确定气候变化的大范围模式如何影响南极天气和气候，AWS网络的地表观测如何与表层和边界层过程联系起来。还将考虑南极冬季可能遇到的低温物理环境，以及描述这些环境和其他冷池的最佳方法。现象。AWS的观测数据通过Irdium网络或NOAA或MetOp极轨卫星上的DCSArgos收集，从而通过GTS(世界气象组织全球电信系统)近乎实时地提供给业务和天气预报人员。能够支持数值天气预报和气候模型的改进将对南极科学和后勤支持产生持久的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station network is the most extensive surficial meteorological network in the Antarctic, approaching its 30th year at several of its data stations. Its prime focus is also as a long term observational record, to measure the near surface weather and climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. Antarctic Automatic Weather Stations measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of ~ 2-3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity and snow accumulation may also be taken. The surface observations from the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station network are also used operationally, for forecast purposes, and in the planning of field work. Surface observations made from the network have also been used to check the validity of satellite and remote sensing observations. The proposed effort informs our understanding of the Antarctic environment and its weather and climate trends over the past few decades. The research has implications for potential future operations and logistics for the US Antarctic Program during the winter season. As a part of this endeavor, all project participants will engage in a coordinated outreach effort to bring the famous Antarctic "cold" to public seminars, K-12, undergraduate, and graduate classrooms, and senior citizen centers.This project proposes to use the surface conditions observed by the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network to determine how large-scale modes of climate variability impact Antarctic weather and climate, how the surface observations from the AWS network are linked to surface layer and boundary layer processes. Consideration will also be given to low temperature physical environments such as may be encountered during Antarctic winter, and the best ways to characterize these, and other ?cold pool? phenomena. Observational data from the AWS are collected via Iridium network, or DCS Argos aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available in near real time to operational and synoptic weather forecasters over the GTS (WMO Global Telecommunication System). Being able to support improvements in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling will have lasting impacts on Antarctic science and logistical support.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.