The role of the cerebellum in the control of saccades as a window into neural mechanisms of movement optimization

小脑在眼跳控制中的作用作为运动优化神经机制的窗口

• 批准号: 239592075
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Thier
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Kognitive Neurologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/239592075?language=en
• 关键词: role; cerebellum; control; saccades; window

Our earlier work on the oculomotor vermis (OMV), a distinct part of the cerebellum, could establish that information processing by the neuronal machinery of the OMV is the major substrate of the almost instantaneous adjustment (short-term oculomotor learning) of the kinematics of the two complementary types of goal-directed eye movements, saccades and smooth pursuit, demanded by performance errors. Our experiments in the first funding period demonstrate that the OMV deploys the one and the same output neurons (Purkinje cells) to control both types of eye movements without jeopardizing the need to warrant that learning-based changes are eye movement type specific. The deployment of hybrid Purkinje cells is surprising in view of the very different kinematic profiles of saccades and smooth pursuit. These findings have implications for the integration of saccade and smooth pursuit-related signals by Purkinje-cell dendritic trees and in general constrain the wiring of the various neuronal elements involved. A second line of experiments on the transfer of short-term learning between saccades and smooth-pursuit lends further support to the notion that the major biological function of short-term learning of goal-directed eye movements is the compensation of cognitive fatigue, a term we use in order to capture changes of eye movement kinematics due to changes of the subjective value of movement goals without necessarily excluding other factors such as attention. For the second funding period we suggest experiments that will try to critically test the hypothesis that the OMV plays a central role in compensating cognitive fatigue by translating information on the subjective value of movements and movement goals into corrective control signals for saccades.

我们早期对动眼蚓部（OMV）（小脑的一个独特部分）的研究可以确定，OMV 神经元机制的信息处理是性能错误所要求的两种互补类型的目标导向性眼球运动（眼跳和平滑追踪）几乎瞬时调整（短期动眼动学习）运动学的主要基础。我们在第一个资助期的实验表明，OMV 使用同一个输出神经元（浦肯野细胞）来控制两种类型的眼球运动，而不会危及保证基于学习的变化是特定于眼球运动类型的需要。鉴于眼跳和平滑追踪的非常不同的运动学特征，混合浦肯野细胞的部署是令人惊讶的。这些发现对于浦肯野细胞树突树的扫视和平滑追踪相关信号的整合具有影响，并且通常限制了所涉及的各种神经元元件的连接。第二个关于短期学习在扫视和平滑追踪之间转移的实验进一步支持了这样的观点，即目标导向眼球运动的短期学习的主要生物学功能是认知疲劳的补偿，我们使用这个术语是为了捕捉由于运动目标的主观价值的变化而导致的眼球运动运动学的变化，而不必排除注意力等其他因素。对于第二个资助期，我们建议进行实验，尝试批判性地检验这样的假设：OMV 通过将运动主观价值和运动目标的信息转化为眼跳的纠正控制信号，在补偿认知疲劳中发挥着核心作用。