Measuring the Surface Energy of Metals through Structure-Property Analysis of Electrodeposition Instabilities

通过电镀不稳定性的结构-性能分析测量金属的表面能

• 批准号: 2004527
• 负责人: Kirk Ziegler
• 金额: $ 58.15万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2004527&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Measuring; Surface; Energy; Metals; through

Non-technical SummarySurface energy is one of the most fundamental and important thermophysical properties of metal surfaces as it has a strong influence on the mechanical, electrical, catalytic, and morphological characteristics of the solid. These properties are important to understanding corrosion, catalytic behavior, adsorption on solid substrates, and crystal formation. Measurements of the surface energy have been recognized as an important parameter that has eluded researchers for several decades. This project seeks to develop the structure-property relationships that enable the direct measurement of the surface energy of solid metals near ambient temperature. The approach is based on well-defined patterns that form on the cathode during the electrodeposition of metals in microfluidic channels. Electrodeposition allows highly accurate potential gradients and spacings that can be conducted at room temperature to obtain reliable patterns. These well-defined patterns are associated with the competition between different forces acting on the surface, allowing determination of the surface energy of the metal surface. The method can be translated to any metal surface that is capable of electrodeposition reactions in which the thermophysical parameters are known. The program also includes K-12 outreach with local schools, which include in-class demonstrations, summer research programs, and engineering fairs.Technical SummaryExperimental estimates of the surface energy of metals are very difficult to obtain and have uncertainties of unknown magnitude. The objective of this project is to measure directly the surface energy of solid metals using copper surfaces as a case study. The central hypothesis is that electrodeposition instabilities result in well-defined instability patterns of predictable wavelengths that correlate with the surface energy of the copper surface. The project capitalizes on the ability to measure the formation of a single wave instability pattern during electrodeposition thereby leading to the direct measurement of surface energy. Instability patterns at the surface arise from inherent perturbations of structure, potential or concentration during electrodeposition and are a result of a feedback mechanism that encourages patterns at the cathode. An intelligent choice of electrode dimensions enables a single wave pattern to be formed and detected at the onset of the instability. These onset conditions and the companion patterns are directly related to the surface energy of the solid metal and predicted by the coupled transport and reaction kinetic equations. The expected outcome of this project is a direct method to measure the surface energy of a solid metal surface near ambient temperatures.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

表面能是金属表面最基本和最重要的热物理性质之一，因为它对固体的机械、电学、催化和形态特征有很大影响。这些性质对于了解腐蚀、催化行为、固体基底上的吸附和晶体形成非常重要。表面能的测量已经被认为是一个重要的参数，几十年来一直困扰着研究人员。该项目旨在开发结构-性能关系，使其能够在环境温度附近直接测量固体金属的表面能。该方法基于微流体通道中金属电沉积过程中阴极上形成的明确图案。电沉积允许高度精确的电位梯度和间距，可以在室温下进行，以获得可靠的图案。这些定义明确的图案与作用在表面上的不同力之间的竞争有关，从而可以确定金属表面的表面能。该方法可以被转换到任何金属表面，能够电沉积反应，其中的热物理参数是已知的。该计划还包括K-12推广与当地学校，其中包括课堂演示，夏季研究计划，和工程fairs.Technical SummaryExperimental估计金属的表面能是非常困难的，并有未知的大小的不确定性。本项目的目标是以铜表面为例，直接测量固体金属的表面能。中心假设是电沉积不稳定性导致与铜表面的表面能相关的可预测波长的明确定义的不稳定图案。该项目利用电沉积过程中测量单波不稳定模式形成的能力，从而直接测量表面能。表面的不稳定性图案起因于电沉积期间结构、电势或浓度的固有扰动，并且是促使阴极处图案的反馈机制的结果。电极尺寸的智能选择使得能够在不稳定性开始时形成和检测单个波图案。这些发病条件和同伴的模式是直接相关的固体金属的表面能和预测的耦合传输和反应动力学方程。该项目的预期成果是一种直接测量接近环境温度的固体金属表面的表面能的方法。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Isolation of competing morphological patterns during microfluidic electrodeposition: Experimental confirmation of theory

• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139205
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Electrochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Sarath Gopalakrishnan;A. Ganesh;Chun-Chieh Wang;Matthew Mango;Kirk J. Ziegler;R. Narayanan

Electrolyte ohmic heating during electrodeposition: The role of coupled kinetic-transport phenomena that lead to morphological and microstructural changes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142616
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Electrochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: P. Eribol;Sarath Gopalakrishnan;S. Diwakar;A. Talbi;R. Narayanan;F. Zoueshtiagh;Kirk J. Ziegler

Effect of low-frequency AC forcing on the morphological instability arising in electrodeposition

低频交流强迫对电沉积形态不稳定性的影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s10665-021-10199-z
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Engineering Mathematics
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Ganesh, Akash;Pillai, Dipin S.;Narayanan, R.
• 通讯作者: Narayanan, R.