American Households During the Assimilation Era 1900-1940

同化时代的美国家庭 1900-1940

• 批准号: 2017946
• 负责人: Christian Dippel
• 金额: $ 46.4万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: American; Households; During; Assimilation; Era

Despite important historical legacies of the Assimilation Era for American Indians, historical data from this era are exceedingly difficult to access and use because of limitations and inconsistencies in how the Census Bureau historically enumerated Native Americans. This has severely constrained high quality quantitative research on Native American economic, social, and social history. Researchers have had to rely almost exclusively on reservation-aggregate data, and many Native Americans remained hamstrung from studying their own past, so has the general population. This proposed research project is designed to resolve four major data challenges in the historical Census, through a combination of novel data collection and record-linkage of existing data. The project will: (i) resolve inconsistencies in the enumeration of Native Americans from 1900-1940; (ii) supplement Census-enumerate person-records with more tribal information; (iii) link individual and households across waves; and (iv) link individual level census data to individual level data from other sources. Once completed, the new data will enable the researchers to answer a range of causally identified questions on the effects of Assimilation-era policies on Native American populations. This project will undertake a massive and innovative data collection effort on Native American families during reconstruction, digitize the data, and make it available freely to researchers. The project makes four major improvements to existing data set: (a) to resolve inconsistencies in the historical enumeration of Native Americans in the Full Count Censuses from 1900--1940; (b) to supplement Census-enumerated Native American person-records with information on which tribe a person belonged to, using information on the location of historical enumeration districts; (c) to link Native American individuals and households across Census waves using new record linkage methodology that trades off noisy individual-level information against higher-quality household-structure information; and (d) to link person-records in the Population Census to records in other individual-level data sources, namely reservation rolls and Indian boarding school rolls. Once these data improvements are completed, the PIs will focus on three questions that have hitherto been “unanswerable”: the effect of Indian land allotment on Native American households, the effect of Indian boarding schools on Native American households and children; and the effects of federally imposed institutional arrangements on the long-run success of reservations/tribes as modern-day polities. The results of this research will shed light and a better understanding of Native American economics and social issues.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管同化时代为美洲印第安人留下了重要的历史遗产，但由于人口普查局历史上列举美洲原住民的方式存在局限性和不一致，该时代的历史数据极其难以获取和使用。这严重限制了对美洲原住民经济、社会和社会历史的高质量定量研究。研究人员不得不几乎完全依赖保留地汇总数据，许多美洲原住民仍然无法研究自己的过去，普通民众也是如此。该研究项目旨在通过新颖的数据收集和现有数据的记录链接相结合，解决历史人口普查中的四大数据挑战。该项目将： (i) 解决 1900 年至 1940 年美洲原住民计数中的不一致问题； (ii) 用更多部落信息补充人口普查统计的人员记录； (iii) 跨波连接个人和家庭； (iv) 将个人层面的普查数据与其他来源的个人层面的数据联系起来。 一旦完成，新数据将使研究人员能够回答一系列关于同化时代政策对美洲原住民人口影响的因果问题。该项目将在重建过程中对美洲原住民家庭进行大规模和创新的数据收集工作，将数据数字化，并免费提供给研究人员。 该项目对现有数据集进行了四项重大改进： (a) 解决 1900--1940 年全面普查中美洲原住民历史计数的不一致问题； (b) 利用历史查点区位置信息，补充人口普查查点的美洲原住民个人记录，提供有关个人所属部落的信息； (c) 使用新的记录链接方法将人口普查浪潮中的美洲原住民个人和家庭联系起来，该方法将嘈杂的个人信息与更高质量的家庭结构信息进行权衡； (d) 将人口普查中的个人记录与其他个人数据源中的记录联系起来，即预订名册和印度寄宿学校名册。一旦这些数据改进完成，PI将重点关注迄今为止“无法回答”的三个问题：印第安人土地分配对美国原住民家庭的影响，印第安人寄宿学校对美国原住民家庭和儿童的影响；以及联邦政府强加的制度安排对保留地/部落作为现代政体的长期成功的影响。 这项研究的结果将阐明并更好地理解美洲原住民的经济和社会问题。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。