RAPID: Perceived Risk and Impacts of COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Urban Neighborhoods

新冠肺炎疫情需要史无前例的应对政策，包括在家待命、关闭学校和非必要企业和服务，以及旅行限制。随着这些政策的实施，美国严重的住宅隔离也在低收入少数族裔社区面临的条件与其他社区的背景下造成了差异。了解住房条件、社区社会经济条件、获得基本服务的机会和社区情绪如何影响人们对大流行的体验是很重要的，因为减少疾病的传播和公共卫生系统的负担关键取决于人们呆在家里。这一快速反应研究(RAPID)项目将研究建成环境和社会环境的特征如何影响新冠肺炎和相关应对政策对缺乏投资、种族隔离的城市地区居民的风险认知、心理健康、财务福祉和食品安全的影响。我们的方法推进了风险感知的科学以及社区脆弱性和复原力的模型。这些数据和见解将有助于政策制定者有针对性地向新冠肺炎疫情期间最需要支持的个人和社区提供援助。这项研究还将帮助美国社会中最脆弱的人群在大流行后恢复的计划。该项目建立在现有的纵向小组研究的基础上，该小组研究参与了匹兹堡山/霍姆伍德社区与健康研究(PHRESH)的两个社区的居民。自2011年以来，已经收集了关于粮食安全和获取、家庭状况、复原力、身心健康、社会凝聚力和广泛的社会人口数据的数据。从PHRESH队列中随机选择的500人将接受一项电话调查，其中包括以下新问题：新冠肺炎疾病和政策经历；邻里感知和满意度；感知风险的认知、情感和行为因素；以及对心理健康、经济福祉和食品安全的影响。该项目将测试假设，即新冠肺炎及其相关政策影响风险应对、心理健康结果、财务福祉和食品安全，1)社会和建筑环境特征放大或减少(即，缓和)新冠肺炎的影响，以及2)社区情绪，如社区看法和满意度，可能解释(即，调解)新冠肺炎和研究结果之间的任何重要关联。该奖项反映了国家科学基金会的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic is requiring unprecedented response policies, including stay-at-home orders, closing of schools and non-essential businesses and services, and travel restrictions. As these policies are implemented, profound residential segregation in the US also creates differences in the backdrop of conditions faced by lower-income, minority communities, compared with others. Understanding how housing conditions, neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, access to basic services, and community sentiment affects people’s experiences of the pandemic is important because reducing the spread of the disease and burden on the public health system depends critically on people staying at home. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project will examine how characteristics of built and social environments influence the impacts of COVID-19 and associated response policies on risk perceptions, mental health, financial well-being, and food security for residents in disinvested, racially isolated, urban areas. Our approach advances the science of risk perception and models of community vulnerability and resilience. The data and insights will help policymakers to target assistance toward individuals and neighborhoods most in need of support during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research will also assist planning for post-pandemic recovery among the most vulnerable in US society.The project builds on an existing longitudinal panel study of residents in two neighborhoods participating in the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Neighborhoods and Health (PHRESH). The randomly selected PHRESH cohort comprises 1,000 households for which data have been collected since 2011 on food security and access, home conditions, resilience, physical and mental health, social cohesion, and extensive sociodemographic data. A randomly selected subsample of 500 individuals from the PHRESH cohort will be administered a telephone survey that includes new questions about: COVID-19 illness and policy experiences; neighborhood perceptions and satisfaction; cognitive, affective, and behavioral elements of perceived risk; and impacts on mental health, financial well-being, and food security. This project will test the hypotheses that COVID-19 and associated policies impact risk responses, mental health outcomes, financial well-being, and food security, with 1) social and built environment characteristics either amplifying or reducing (i.e., moderating) the effect of COVID-19 and 2) community sentiment such as neighborhood perceptions and satisfaction potentially explaining (i.e., mediating) any significant associations between COVID-19 and study outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.