I-Corps: Perovskite solar photovoltaics and continuous flash sublimation manufacturing

这个I-Corps项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力是开发基于金属卤化物钙钛矿半导体的太阳能设备。对于钙钛矿太阳能模块，应用包括运输（例如，无人机），室内设备（例如，传感器），或者高海拔和空间应用，其中硅器件太贵、太重或效率不够。最近的估计表明，到2024年，室内光伏市场每年可能达到10亿美元。硅在今天没有成本竞争力（50 -100美元/平方米），并且无法达到室内30%的效率，这是商业成功的要求。卫星和高空无人驾驶飞机的应用刚刚起步，并在迅速增长。薄膜钙钛矿光致发光材料在无人机技术中具有优于晶体硅光致发光材料的天然优势。Percent太阳能电池已经证明了高功率/重量性能（23 kW/kg），这是这些应用的关键指标。连续快速升华具有高度可调性和可控性，可优化材料以实现制造方法。I-Corps项目基于开发一种新的制造方法-连续快速升华（CFS）-用于大规模生产钙钛矿基光电器件。由于溶剂的使用，将传统的实验室规模的钙钛矿溶液处理方法转化为大规模制造是具有挑战性的。CFS是一种不使用溶剂的基于蒸汽的工艺。此外，CFS是安全，快速，简单，廉价和可扩展的，这将使它很容易被纳入现有的高通量商业生产线。CFS的生产可以显著降低与太阳能发电、固态照明、显示技术和医疗传感器X射线检测相关的钙钛矿半导体生产的集成障碍。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this I-Corps project is the development of solar devices based on metal-halide perovskite semiconductors. For perovskite solar modules, applications include transport (e.g., drones), indoor devices (e.g., sensors), or high-altitude and space applications where silicon devices are too expensive, heavy, or not efficient enough. Recent estimates indicate the market for indoor photovoltarics could reach $1B annually by 2024. Silicon is not cost competitive today ($50-100/m2) and cannot reach 30% efficiency indoors, a requirement for commercial success. Satellite and high-altitude drone applications are nascent and rapidly growing. Thin film perovskite photovoltaics have a natural advantage over crystalline silicon photovoltaics in drone technologies. Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated high power-per-weight performance (23 kW/kg), a key metric for these applications. Continuous flash sublimation is highly tunable and controllable, enabling the materials to be optimized to enable manufacturing methods.This I-Corps project is based on the development of a new manufacturing method – continuous flash sublimation (CFS) – for the mass-scale production of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. Translating conventional lab-scale perovskite solution-processing methods to large-scale manufacturing is challenging due to the use of solvents. CFS is a vapor-based process that does not use solvents. In addition, CFS is safe, fast, simple, inexpensive, and scalable, which will allow it to be readily incorporated into existing high-throughput commercial manufacturing lines. CFS manufacturing may significantly lower the integration barrier associated with the production of perovskite semiconductors for solar power production, as well as for solid state lighting, display technology, and X-ray detection for medical sensors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.