CAREER: Understanding the Drivers and Consequences of Personal Adaptation Behavior to Environmental Extremes

职业：了解个人适应极端环境行为的驱动因素和后果

• 批准号: 2045129
• 负责人: Gabrielle Wong-Parodi
• 金额: $ 58.21万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2045129&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Understanding; Drivers; Consequences; Personal

Escalating environmental extremes – weather and climate events that are extreme in magnitude, frequency, and/or impact on communities – have been observed in recent years and are predicted to increase over this century. These extremes (e.g., wildfires, heat waves, storms, etc.) contribute to an estimated 150,000 deaths each year, and the World Health Organization conservatively projects they will result in 250,000 deaths annually between 2030 and 2050. Addressing these escalating environmental extremes will require personal and household adaptation to reduce human suffering (e.g., chronic respiratory ailments due to wildfire smoke exposure) and death (e.g., as a result of acute smoke exposure). The unprecedented scope of extremes makes it difficult for people to adapt, particularly for low-income persons of color (POC) who have access to fewer resources. Effective, low-cost, easily-accessible decision support tools such as those deployed through smartphone applications could play an important role in helping people understand the escalating nature of extremes and motivate them to adopt behaviors that result in improved personal outcomes contributing to greater societal resiliency. Yet, little is known about how exposure experienced as events unfold – unbiased by time or outcome knowledge – affects psychosocial factors, adaptation behaviors, and personal outcomes, and how decision support effects decision making in this context. The objectives of this Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) integrated research and education plan are to (1) advance fundamental understanding of how decision support tools affect adaptation behavior given psychosocial antecedents in the face of real-time exposure to escalating extremes over time, particularly among low-income POC populations, (2) advance the conceptualization and testing of environmental extremes adaptation behavior models, and (3) transform how we train and educate the next generation of behavioral decision scientists to co-produce and deploy decision support tools with relevant stakeholders – especially among those low-income POC populations that may benefit the most–to more effectively motivate adaptation behaviors that yield desired adaptation outcomes.The research objectives will be achieved by conducting a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to determine whether a “positive affect” or “social comparison” wildfire smoke intervention, delivered via a smartphone app-based decision support tool, can effectively enhance adaptation behaviors (face mask wearing, sheltering, home or workplace improvements) and desired adaptation outcomes (improved health, adoption of other adaptation measures such as fire protection) in the context of actual exposure (volatile organic compounds, NO2, particulate matter) among approximately 720 San Francisco Bay Area residents from low-income POC communities over time. My educational objective will be achieved by developing and testing a Research-Education-Practice curriculum that trains behavioral decision science scholars on co-producing and deploying effective decision support tools, and attracts and retains underrepresented minorities, low-income, and first-generation students and young investigators. The proposed plan will advance adaptation behavior models for environmental extremes, contribute to effective policy-making environmental extremes adaptation, and contribute to the training of the next generation of behavioral decision science scholars.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

近年来，人们观察到环境极端事件-在规模、频率和/或对社区的影响方面极端的天气和气候事件-不断升级，预计在本世纪还会增加。这些极端（例如，野火、热浪、风暴等）据估计，这些疾病每年造成15万人死亡，世界卫生组织保守预测，2030年至2050年期间，这些疾病每年将导致25万人死亡。应对这些不断升级的极端环境需要个人和家庭适应，以减少人类的痛苦（例如，因野火烟雾暴露而导致的慢性呼吸道疾病）和死亡（例如，由于急性烟雾暴露）。前所未有的极端范围使人们很难适应，特别是对于获得较少资源的低收入有色人种（POC）。有效，低成本，易于访问的决策支持工具，如通过智能手机应用程序部署的工具，可以在帮助人们理解极端事件不断升级的性质方面发挥重要作用，并激励他们采取改善个人结果的行为，从而提高社会弹性。然而，很少有人知道如何暴露经历的事件展开-不受时间或结果的知识-影响心理社会因素，适应行为和个人的结果，以及如何决策支持影响决策在这种情况下。该教师早期职业发展（CAREER）综合研究和教育计划的目标是（1）推进对决策支持工具如何影响适应行为的基本理解，特别是在低收入POC人群中，随着时间的推移，面对不断升级的极端情况，心理社会前因，（2）推进环境极端适应行为模型的概念化和测试，以及（3）改变我们培训和教育下一代行为决策科学家的方式，与相关利益相关者共同制作和部署决策支持工具-特别是在那些可能受益最多的低收入POC人群中-更有效地激励适应行为，以产生预期的适应结果。研究目标将通过进行纵向随机对照试验来实现，以确定是否通过基于智能手机应用程序的决策支持工具提供的“积极影响”或“社会比较”野火烟雾干预，可以有效地增强适应行为（戴口罩、住所、家庭或工作场所的改善）和期望的适应成果（改善健康，采取其他适应措施，如防火）（挥发性有机化合物，NO2，颗粒物）在大约720旧金山弗朗西斯科湾区居民从低收入POC社区随着时间的推移。我的教育目标将通过开发和测试研究教育实践课程来实现，该课程培训行为决策科学学者共同制作和部署有效的决策支持工具，并吸引和保留代表性不足的少数民族，低收入和第一代学生和年轻的研究人员。该计划将推进极端环境下的适应行为模型，为制定有效的极端环境适应政策做出贡献，并为培养下一代行为决策科学学者做出贡献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Improving adaptation to wildfire smoke and extreme heat in frontline communities: evidence from a community-engaged pilot study in the San Francisco Bay Area

改善前线社区对野火烟雾和极端高温的适应能力：来自旧金山湾区社区参与试点研究的证据

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acddf9
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Herbert, Natalie;Beckman, Caroline;Cannedy, Cade;Cao, Jinpu;Cho, Seung-Hyun;Fischer, Stephanie;Huang, ShihMing;Kramer, Samantha J;Lopez, Ortensia;Lopez, Sergio Sanchez
• 通讯作者: Lopez, Sergio Sanchez