Translation of odor information into innate olfactory ethanol preference

将气味信息转化为先天嗅觉乙醇偏好

• 批准号: 245734265
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Henrike Scholz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: AG Molecular Mechanisms of Addcitive Behaviors
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/245734265?language=en
• 关键词: Translation; odor; information; into; innate

The aim of the proposal is to unravel mechanisms in the animal brain underlying approach behavior. In nature animals like treeshrews and the fruit flies prefer fermenting food sources. The ethanol odor emanating from the food source attracts animals over a long range. Previously, we have shown that adult Drosophila melanogaster flies in the lab prefer low ethanol containing food odors similar at concentrations that are also found in nature (Ogueta et al., 2010). In general, odor information has to be processed at different levels before this information is converted into a behavioral response. Initially, the odor has to be perceived and the animal has to evaluate this information in the context of its internal environment. After this step the animal has to decide whether to react to this stimulus or not and whether it will respond with approach behavior. Finally motor programs have to be executed so that the fly indeed reaches the food source. We have previously shown that at least two mechanisms are involved in the decision of an animal to move towards odor source. One mechanism requires olfactory information processing at the level of the receptor neurons and involved the olfactory co-receptor Orco - formally known as Or83b (Schneider et al., 2012). Whether Orco functions in ethanol specific odor recognition or whether Orco is in general required to distinguish similar complex odor mixtures is not know yet and will be investigated in this proposal using neuro-genetic manipulations combined with behavioral experiments. The phenotypic analysis of Tyramine-b-hydroxylase mutants lacking the neurotransmitter octopamine uncovered a second mechanism. Activation of octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurons using opto-genetics increased the likelihood to choose one specific site over another suggesting that the octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurotransmitter system is required for reinforcing mechanisms underlying olfactory ethanol preference and functions in response selection (Schneider et al., 2012). However, where the reinforcer acts in mediating olfactory preference and whether it acts through shifting of attention is not known and will be addressed in this proposal using neuro-anatomical methods and opto-genetic manipulations combined with behavioral experiments. Taken together both approaches will foster our understanding of how behavioral responses are selected from the brain.

该提案的目的是揭示动物脑潜在方法行为的机制。在大自然中，诸如Treeshrews和果蝇等动物更喜欢发酵食物来源。食物来源发出的乙醇气味吸引了远距离的动物。以前，我们已经表明，实验室中的成年果蝇果蝇苍蝇更喜欢低乙醇，含有在自然界中也发现的浓度下的食物气味相似（Ogueta等，2010）。通常，在将这些信息转换为行为响应之前，必须在不同级别处理气味信息。最初，必须感知气味，并且动物必须在其内部环境的背景下评估这些信息。在此步骤之后，动物必须决定是否对这种刺激做出反应，以及它是否会以进近行为做出反应。最终，必须执行运动计划，以便苍蝇确实到达食物来源。我们以前已经表明，动物朝着气味源转移的决定至少涉及两种机制。一种机制需要在受体神经元的水平上处理嗅觉信息，并涉及嗅觉的共受体Orco-正式称为OR83B（Schneider等，2012）。 orco在乙醇特异性气味识别中的功能是否在区分类似的复杂气味混合物中是否需要孔Co尚不了解，并且将使用神经遗传操纵和行为实验结合使用。缺乏神经递质章鱼胺的酪胺-B-羟化酶突变体的表型分析发现了第二种机制。使用光学生物的激活章鱼能/霸王神经元的激活增加了选择一个特定站点而不是另一个位点的可能性，这表明章鱼能/酪蛋白能/泰米蛋白能神经递质系统是增强嗅觉乙醇偏好和在响应选择中的功能（Schneider等人功能）的基础机制所必需的。但是，如果增强器在介导嗅觉偏好中起作用，以及它是否通过注意力转移而起作用，并且将在此提案中使用神经 - 动物学方法和光遗传操作结合行为实验。总体而言，两种方法都将促进我们对如何从大脑中选择行为反应的理解。