Collaborative Research: Secure and Efficient Post-quantum Cryptography: from Coding Theory to Hardware Architecture

合作研究：安全高效的后量子密码学：从编码理论到硬件架构

• 批准号: 2052751
• 负责人: Bane Vasic
• 金额: $ 24.5万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2052751&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Secure; Efficient; Post

Public-key ciphers are used for digital signature and secure information exchange in numerous communication and storage systems to ensure data confidentiality, authenticity, and non-repudiability. The current standards for public-key ciphers are based on large number factorization or discrete logarithm, which can be solved in polynomial time by a quantum computing algorithm. Substantial advancements have been made on quantum processors recently and there is imminent need of new cryptography schemes that are secure against quantum computing attacks. The team will make advances in error-correction code (ECC)-based McEliece/Niederreiter cryptography. The approach will be based on low or medium-density parity-check (LDPC or MDPC) ECCs that are among the most promising schemes resistant to quantum computing attacks. The advances will be achieved by coupling research on cryptography and error-correction coding theory, thus eliminating possible backdoors and attacks for these ciphers. The team will also develop efficient and secure hardware implementations that are indispensable in order to adopt the ECC-based ciphers broadly in practical systems. The new challenges posed by the different constructions of LDPC/MDPC codes for cryptographic purposes will be addressed and advanced decoding algorithms will be investigated to unleash the performance potential of these cryptosystems. Additionally, low-overhead schemes will be developed to prevent the leakage of secret key from side-channel information, such as the timing and power consumption of the circuit chip implementing the cipher. This project will also contribute to the development of workforce skilled in coding, cryptography and hardware architecture design for the growing security needs in the US. The participating students will receive advanced training in engineering, and their educational experiences will be enriched by close collaboration between the PIs and their international collaborators.This proposal fills the gaps among the research on cryptography, error-correction coding theory, and hardware architecture design for the ECC-based post-quantum McEliece/Niederreiter cryptosystems. Efficient and highly secure hardware implementations will be developed through integrating theoretical study, attack analysis, and hardware architecture design. Such a cross-layer design approach enables the development of unprecedented short-latency, small-area, low-power, and secure ECC-based cryptosystems. For the first time, possible attacks from coding theoretical perspective will be studied comprehensively and low-overhead mitigation methodologies will be developed for existing and new potential attacks. Taking into account the specifics of the codes utilized in the ECC-based cryptosystems, novel approaches and decoding scheduling schemes will be designed to substantially improve the hardware efficiency. A framework of design and implementation of the ECC-based cryptosystems satisfying various system constraints, such as latency, silicon area, and power consumption, will be developed to enable broad application of post-quantum cryptography. Moreover, algorithmic-level side-channel attack resistant approaches, which have much lower overheads compared to circuit-level methodologies, will be developed by exploiting the variations of LDPC/MDPC decoding data flow and scheduling.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

公钥密码用于众多通信和存储系统中的数字签名和安全信息交换，以确保数据的机密性、真实性和不可否认性。当前的公钥密码标准基于大数分解或离散对数，可以通过量子计算算法在多项式时间内求解。最近，量子处理器取得了实质性进展，迫切需要能够抵御量子计算攻击的新密码方案。该团队将在基于纠错码 (ECC) 的 McEliece/Niederreiter 密码学方面取得进展。该方法将基于低或中密度奇偶校验（LDPC 或 MDPC）ECC，这是最有前途的抵抗量子计算攻击的方案之一。这些进步将通过结合密码学和纠错编码理论的研究来实现，从而消除这些密码可能的后门和攻击。该团队还将开发高效、安全的硬件实现，这是在实际系统中广泛采用基于 ECC 的密码所必需的。将解决用于加密目的的 LDPC/MDPC 码的不同结构带来的新挑战，并将研究先进的解码算法，以释放这些密码系统的性能潜力。此外，还将开发低开销方案，以防止侧信道信息（例如实现密码的电路芯片的时序和功耗）泄露密钥。该项目还将有助于培养精通编码、密码学和硬件架构设计的劳动力，以满足美国日益增长的安全需求。参与的学生将接受工程方面的高级培训，通过PI及其国际合作者之间的密切合作，他们的教育经验将得到丰富。该提案填补了密码学、纠错编码理论和基于ECC的后量子McEliece/Niederreiter密码系统的硬件架构设计研究的空白。通过整合理论研究、攻击分析和硬件架构设计，开发高效且高度安全的硬件实现。这种跨层设计方法使得能够开发出前所未有的短延迟、小面积、低功耗和安全的基于 ECC 的密码系统。首次从编码理论角度全面研究可能的攻击，并针对现有和新的潜在攻击开发低开销缓解方法。考虑到基于 ECC 的密码系统中使用的代码的具体情况，将设计新颖的方法和解码调度方案，以大幅提高硬件效率。将开发一个基于 ECC 的密码系统的设计和实现框架，满足各种系统约束，例如延迟、硅面积和功耗，以实现后量子密码学的广泛应用。此外，将通过利用 LDPC/MDPC 解码数据流和调度的变化来开发算法级侧信道攻击抵抗方法，与电路级方法相比，其开销要低得多。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Learning to Decode Linear Block Codes using Adaptive Gradient-Descent Bit-Flipping

学习使用自适应梯度下降位翻转解码线性块码

• DOI: 10.1109/istc57237.2023.10273470
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: 2023 12th International Symposium on Topics in Coding (ISTC
• 作者: Milojković, Jovan;Brkic, Srdan;Ivaniš, Predrag;Vasić, Bane
• 通讯作者: Vasić, Bane

Globally Coupled Finite Geometry and Finite Field LDPC Coding Schemes

• DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2021.3102178
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Mona Nasseri;Xin Xiao;B. Vasic;Shu Lin

On guaranteed correction of error patterns with artificial neural networks

利用人工神经网络保证错误模式的纠正

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Telfor Journal
• 作者: Ivaniš, P;Brkic, S.;Vasić, B.
• 通讯作者: Vasić, B.

Soft syndrome iterative decoding of quantum LDPC codes and hardware architectures

量子LDPC码的软征候迭代解码和硬件架构

• DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-023-00201-1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: EPJ Quantum Technology
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Raveendran, Nithin;Valls, Javier;Pradhan, Asit Kumar;Rengaswamy, Narayanan;Garcia-Herrero, Francisco;Vasić, Bane
• 通讯作者: Vasić, Bane

Channels Engineering in Magnetic Recording: from Theory to Practice

磁记录中的通道工程：从理论到实践

• DOI: 10.1109/mbits.2023.3336213
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine
• 作者: Garani, Shayan Srinivasa;Vasi´c, Bane
• 通讯作者: Vasi´c, Bane