RESEARCH-PGR: Mechanisms of Haploid Induction in Potato

研究-PGR：马铃薯单倍体诱导机制

• 批准号: 2055260
• 负责人: Luca Comai
• 金额: $ 140万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2055260&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RESEARCH; PGR; Mechanisms; Haploid; Induction

A critical step in plant breeding is the production of inbreds, plants that have the same two DNA sequences at each gene and therefore breed “true”. Inbreds may be sold directly as varietal seed or used to make consistent F1 hybrids. The most efficient method to produce inbreds is through a cross to a specialized variety called a haploid inducer. This cross yields haploids, progeny with a single parental chromosome set that can be easily doubled to produce perfect inbreds. Natural haploid inducers are available for maize and for potato. Although the maize haploid inducer genes have been characterized, they are not easily adapted for efficient use in broad leaf crops such as tomato, canola, and soybean. Deciphering the potato haploid inducer system will provide a much needed alternative. This project will map and characterize the responsible genes in potato. This knowledge will then enable private and public breeding programs to manipulate the corresponding genes and achieve similar or even better haploid induction systems in other crops. In each crop system, easy production of haploids will accelerate breeding cycles by several years, ultimately providing increased power and flexibility in addressing emerging challenges to crop, such as disease or drought stress. With respect to training and outreach, the project will familiarize young students from underrepresented communities with science studies and careers and train advanced students and professionals in genomic approaches applicable to plant breeding using a combination of activities including production and dissemination of learning videos.Haploid induction is an important, but poorly understood process. It could result from parthenogenesis, the progression to embryogenesis by an unfertilized egg cell; by genome elimination, the shedding of one parental genome from the embryo; or, from yet uncharacterized defects of fertilization. In all cases, the molecular events that lead to this outcome are central to the regulation of sexual development and genome maintenance. The goal of this project is to identify the genetic factors controlling haploid induction in potato and decipher their mode of action. Previously, an extensive mapping population was developed and used to identify candidate quantitative trait loci for haploid induction. The specific objectives of this project are to: 1) identify the underlying candidate genes by a combination of fine genetic mapping and genetic analyses; 2) characterize the mechanisms underlying haploid induction by comparing the cytology and gene expression in pollen as well as the genomic states in pollen and seed; and 3) test and characterize the action of prioritized candidate genes in heterologous species. All data and resources generated by this project will be made freely accessible through long-term public data and genetic repositories.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物育种的一个关键步骤是产生近交系，即每个基因上具有相同的两个DNA序列的植物，因此繁殖“真实”。自交系可以直接作为品种种子出售或用于生产一致的F1杂交种。产生近交系的最有效的方法是通过与一种称为单倍体诱导物的特殊品种杂交。这种杂交产生单倍体，即具有单一亲本染色体组的后代，可以很容易地加倍以产生完美的近交系。天然单倍体诱导剂可用于玉米和马铃薯。虽然玉米单倍体诱导基因已被表征，但它们不容易适应于在阔叶作物如番茄、卡诺拉和大豆中的有效使用。破译马铃薯单倍体诱导系统将提供急需的替代方案。该项目将绘制和表征马铃薯中的相关基因。这些知识将使私人和公共育种计划能够操纵相应的基因，并在其他作物中实现类似甚至更好的单倍体诱导系统。在每个作物系统中，单倍体的容易生产将使育种周期加快数年，最终为应对作物面临的新挑战（如疾病或干旱胁迫）提供更大的动力和灵活性。在培训和外联方面，该项目将使来自代表性不足社区的青年学生熟悉科学研究和职业，并通过包括制作和传播学习录像在内的各种活动，对高年级学生和专业人员进行适用于植物育种的基因组方法培训。它可能是由于单性生殖，由未受精的卵细胞向胚胎发生的进展;通过基因组消除，一个亲本基因组从胚胎脱落;或者，由于尚未表征的受精缺陷。在所有情况下，导致这一结果的分子事件是调节性发育和基因组维持的核心。该项目的目标是确定控制马铃薯单倍体诱导的遗传因素，并破译其作用模式。以前，广泛的定位群体被开发并用于鉴定用于单倍体诱导的候选数量性状基因座。该项目的具体目标是：1）通过精细遗传作图和遗传分析相结合来确定潜在的候选基因; 2）通过比较花粉中的细胞学和基因表达以及花粉和种子中的基因组状态来表征单倍体诱导的潜在机制; 3）测试和表征异源物种中优先候选基因的作用。 该项目产生的所有数据和资源将通过长期公共数据和基因库免费提供。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。