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How experience shapes spatial thinking: Frames of reference across axes, ages, and cultures

经验如何塑造空间思维：跨轴、跨年龄和跨文化的参考框架

基本信息

批准号：
2105434
负责人：
Benjamin Pitt
金额：
$ 14.8万
依托单位：
Pitt, Benjamin
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2105434&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
How experience shapes spatial thinking

项目摘要

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Drs. Steven Piantadosi and Alison Gopnik at the University of California - Berkeley, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist studying the developmental origins of spatial reasoning. Humans have extraordinary spatial abilities that allow them to manipulate the natural environment, design and build new technologies, coordinate our efforts within and across social groups, and reason about abstract ideas like time, number, and emotion. Although spatial reasoning is fundamental to human activity, it differs across groups, across contexts, and across the lifespan. By clarifying how and why spatial reasoning varies, this research will advance fundamental scientific knowledge in a broad range of social, behavioral, and economic sciences, with numerous potential applications in education and design.Although the physics of space may be universal, the way people conceptualize space varies: What one person conceptualizes as left-right another person may conceptualize as East-West or upriver-downriver. These spatial frames of reference (FoRs) are known to vary across cultures, between individuals, and over development, but the causes of this cognitive diversity remain unresolved. This research tests the proposal that FoR use varies as a function of spatial discriminability: When reasoning about spatial relations, people use the spatial continuum that is easiest to perceive or remember, whether that continuum is defined egocentrically (i.e. with respect to the body) or allocentrically (i.e. with respect to salient features of the environment). To test this proposal, a series of behavioral experiments will measure FoR use and spatial discriminability across spatial axes (i.e. left-right and front-back), age groups (i.e. children and adults), and cultures. By manipulating the left-right symmetry of participants’ visuospatial experience, these experiments will clarify the mechanisms by which such differences in spatial experience produce differences in spatial reasoning, and evaluate the downstream consequences on higher-level cognitive abilities, like those involved in reading and mathematical thinking. The results stand to refine theories of spatial cognitive development and inform behavioral interventions for enhancing spatial reasoning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分根据2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在加州-伯克利大学的Steven Piantadosi和Alison Gopnik博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持研究空间推理发展起源的早期职业科学家。人类具有非凡的空间能力，使他们能够操纵自然环境，设计和建造新技术，协调我们在社会群体内部和跨社会群体的努力，并对时间，数字和情感等抽象概念进行推理。虽然空间推理是人类活动的基础，但它在不同的群体、不同的环境和不同的生命周期中是不同的。通过阐明空间推理如何以及为什么会发生变化，这项研究将推进广泛的社会、行为和经济科学的基础科学知识，在教育和设计中有许多潜在的应用。虽然空间物理学可能是普遍的，但人们对空间的概念化方式各不相同：一个人将其概念化为左右，另一个人可能将其概念化为东-西或上游-下游。这些空间参照系（FoR）在不同文化、不同个体和不同发育阶段之间存在差异，但这种认知多样性的原因仍未得到解决。这项研究测试了FoR使用作为空间可辨别性的函数而变化的提议：当推理空间关系时，人们使用最容易感知或记忆的空间连续体，无论该连续体是自我中心定义的（即相对于身体）还是分配中心定义的（即相对于环境的显着特征）。为了验证这一提议，一系列行为实验将测量FoR使用和空间轴（即左右和前后），年龄组（即儿童和成人）和文化的空间辨别力。通过操纵参与者视觉空间体验的左右对称性，这些实验将阐明这种空间体验差异产生空间推理差异的机制，并评估对更高层次认知能力的下游后果，如阅读和数学思维。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。