LEAP-HI: Systemic, Anthro-centric Packages for Protecting Households In Realistic Exposure Situations (SAPPHIRES)

LEAP-HI：以人类为中心的系统性一揽子方案，用于在现实暴露情况下保护家庭 (SAPPHIRES)

• 批准号: 2153042
• 负责人: Tami Bond
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2153042&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LEAP; HI; Systemic; Anthro; centric

Infrastructure in the United States includes 100 million existing homes. Because people spend an average of 70 percent of their lives in the home environment, it is the site of exposure to air contaminants that originate either indoors or outdoors, and which are a leading cause of ill health. This Leading Engineering for America's Prosperity, Health, and Infrastructure (LEAP-HI) project advances understanding of how airflows through homes transport pollutants and how occupants interact with homes and technology. With this background, systems that match home performance, occupant behavior, and contractor delivery can be designed and deployed to reduce indoor concentrations of airborne contaminants. Attention is given to knowledge generation and solution delivery for low-income homes and their occupants, and providing information for home contractors who work in these settings. This deliberate, human-centered approach to managing air quality in home environments can reduce exposure to common air pollutants and provide resilience in a changing world with increased natural sources of pollution, such as wildfire smoke. This project redefines the residential indoor environment as an engineered system that includes homes, technology, occupants, and delivery mechanisms. Surveys will be used to explore how human attributes, including cognitive load and user trust, affect occupant priorities, responses to hazards, and the likelihood of engaging in maintenance and usage behaviors. Two models will be developed to determine when air treatment may be beneficial: an anticipatory model based on statistical analysis of observed outdoor air concentrations and machine-learning and a deterministic model that forecasts indoor concentrations based on physical principles and is adjusted to observed pressure differences. The project also develops whole-house pressurization to eliminate contaminants in outdoor air entering the home, contrasting this new approach with stand-alone air cleaners. Success of these models and treatments will be tested first in well-controlled homes, then in homes participating in City of Fort Collins programs. Finally, the project will test understanding of the system components that minimize air contaminants by measuring air contaminants in real homes with real occupants over several weeks. Home contractors involved in energy-efficiency upgrades will share information about physical and behavioral limitations, and in turn will gain knowledge on home air management through newly developed curricula.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国的基础设施包括1亿套现有住房。因为人们一生中平均有70%的时间是在家庭环境中度过的，所以这里是暴露于空气污染物的场所，这些污染物来自室内或室外，是导致健康不佳的主要原因。这一领先的美国繁荣、健康和基础设施工程(LEAP-HI)项目促进了人们对住宅气流如何输送污染物以及居住者如何与住宅和技术互动的理解。在这种背景下，可以设计和部署与住宅性能、居住者行为和承包商交付相匹配的系统，以降低室内空气污染物的浓度。注重为低收入家庭及其居住者创造知识和提供解决方案，并为在这些环境中工作的房屋承包商提供信息。这种深思熟虑的、以人为中心的方法来管理家庭环境中的空气质量，可以减少对常见空气污染物的暴露，并在不断变化的世界中提供弹性，因为自然污染源不断增加，如野火烟雾。该项目将住宅室内环境重新定义为一个包括住宅、技术、居住者和交付机制的工程系统。调查将被用来探索包括认知负荷和用户信任在内的人类属性如何影响乘客的优先事项、对危险的反应以及参与维护和使用行为的可能性。将开发两个模型来确定空气处理何时可能有益：一个是基于对观察到的室外空气浓度的统计分析和机器学习的预测模型，另一个是基于物理原理预测室内浓度并根据观察到的压差进行调整的确定性模型。该项目还开发了全屋加压技术，以消除进入家中的室外空气中的污染物，并将这种新方法与独立的空气净化器进行了对比。这些模型和治疗的成功将首先在控制良好的家庭中进行测试，然后在参与柯林斯堡计划的家庭中进行测试。最后，该项目将通过测量有真实居住者的真实住宅中的空气污染物来测试对将空气污染物降至最低的系统组件的理解。参与能效升级的房屋承包商将分享有关身体和行为限制的信息，并通过新开发的课程获得家庭空气管理知识。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。