Heinrich Claß. The Political Memoirs of the Chairman of the Pan-German League, 1915-1933/36

海因里希·克拉。

• 批准号: 251104597
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Uwe Puschner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut (FMI)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/251104597?language=en
• 关键词: Heinrich; Cla; Political; Memoirs; Chairman

The edition of the memoirs of Heinrich Claß (1868-1953), who served as chairman of the Pan-German League (1891-1939), aims to contribute to the continuing study of contemporary German nationalism. The project combines two levels of analysis: First, the autobiographical and biographical perspective allows a study of the individual experiences of fundamental social and political change of the most important representative of the Pan-German League. Second, the project offers a structural analysis of the Pan-German League at the crucial turning point in the Leagues history from being the most important pressure group of old bourgeois nationalism of Imperial Germany to an mere interest group of notables in the Weimar Republic.The memoirs of Claß, which were completed in 1936, allow a unique view at the importance of Pan-German concepts of social and political order in the development of extra-parliamentary associations as well as parties of the political Right. The memoirs also illuminate the structural limits of Pan-German politics due to increasing ideological and mobilizational competition with new paramilitary and populist mass movements of the Right since the First World War. The memoirs show the variety of attempts of Claß to generate cooperation within the Right that changed fundamentally during the period under consideration. Despite the adaptability of the Pan-German League and its political radicalization under the leadership of Claß between 1908 and 1939, as well as the increasing adaptation of Pan-German core elements by new nationalist organizations, the Pan-Germans developed a significant demarcation to the more radical movements after 1918. This process had been underestimated in the historiography of the nationalist Right.The project will show that the so-called national opposition between Imperial Germany and the Third Reich was more stratified along Weltanschauung and milieu than had been systematically reflected in current research. The Pan-German League was not only an ideological and political missing link between old and new movements of the nationalist Right. Specific characteristics of generational socialization of the cohort of the 1860s around Claß and a remarkable stability of bourgeois values of a political culture that was shaped by conservatism, national liberalism, and ethnic nationalism of the Imperial era prevented Claß to adapt unconditionally to the political style of violence and mass politics of Volksgemeinschaft, as the National Socialists had propagated.

海因里希·克拉伊纳（1868 - 1953）曾任泛德意志联盟主席（1891 - 1939），他的回忆录旨在为当代德意志民族主义的持续研究做出贡献。 该项目结合了两个层次的分析：第一，自传和传记的角度允许的基本社会和政治变革的泛德国联盟的最重要的代表的个人经验的研究。第二，对泛德同盟从德国旧资产阶级民族主义的最重要的压力集团到魏玛共和国的一个纯粹的利益集团的历史转折点进行了结构分析。允许在泛德国的社会和政治秩序的概念在议会外协会以及政治权利的政党的发展的重要性独特的看法。这些回忆录还阐明了自第一次世界大战以来，由于与右翼新的准军事和民粹主义群众运动在意识形态和动员方面的竞争日益加剧，泛德政治的结构性限制。这些回忆录显示，在本报告所述期间，克拉夫特为促成右翼内部合作作出了各种努力，但这种努力发生了根本性变化。尽管1908年至1939年期间，泛德意志联盟的适应性及其在克拉伊什领导下的政治激进化，以及新的民族主义组织对泛德意志核心要素的日益适应，但泛德意志人在1918年后发展了一个与更激进运动的重要分界线。这一过程在民族主义右翼的史学中被低估了。本项目将表明，帝国德国和第三赖希之间的所谓民族对立，比当前研究中系统反映的要更加沿着世界观和环境分层。泛德意志联盟不仅是民族主义右翼新旧运动之间在意识形态和政治上缺失的一环。19世纪60年代克拉伊纳周围世代社会化的具体特征，以及帝国时代保守主义、民族自由主义和种族民族主义所塑造的政治文化中资产阶级价值观的显著稳定性，阻止了克拉伊纳无条件地适应民族社会主义所宣扬的暴力政治风格和大众政治。