Field Measurements for Understanding Atmospheric Oxidation Generated by Electrical Discharges

用于了解放电产生的大气氧化的现场测量

• 批准号: 2323203
• 负责人: William Brune
• 金额: $ 65.13万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-12-01 至 2026-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2323203&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Field; Measurements; Understanding; Atmospheric; Oxidation

The goal of this project is to use UV radiation flux measurements to determine the production of hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx) from sources such as corona on trees under thunderstorms and on high voltage electrical power transmission lines. Because direct HOx measurements are difficult to obtain, the use of coronal UV radiation as a surrogate for HOx production can help build an understanding of the contribution of electrically generated HOx to atmospheric oxidation. Hydrogen oxide radicals (especially the hydroxyl radical OH) are important oxidizing species that control the concentrations of toxic gases like carbon monoxide and climate relevant gases like methane.Previously, the project team conducted laboratory studies to measure HOx emissions from electrical and corona discharges on metal objects and on different types of tree leaves. In this project, they will explore field measurements of UV emissions from and in thunderstorms and associated electrified anvils. They plan to use the following two approaches: (1) ground-based measurements using a solar-blind UV camera and a Corona Observing Telescope System recently built by the team; and (2) balloon-borne measurements of UV radiation in the 180-195 nm band and the 240-280 nm band using small solar-blind detectors accompanied by a video camera, and measurements of pressure, temperature, dewpoint temperature, sound, and GPS location. The UV radiation measured from electrical discharges from balloons will quantify the UV radiation field, and thus HOx production, in thunderstorm cells and anvils. The project team aims to: (1) ensure that all significant atmospheric HOx-producing electrical discharges have been identified; and (2) substantially reduce the uncertainties in calculating atmospheric electrical discharge impacts on atmospheric oxidation.The project includes support for an undergraduate and graduate student, and a postdoc, who will be trained to participate in the planned research. This effort has great potential for new interdisciplinary research efforts that bridge between atmospheric chemistry and physical meteorology, forestry, plant biology, and electrical engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的目标是使用紫外线辐射通量测量来确定雷暴下树木和高压输电线上电晕等来源产生的氢氧化物自由基（HOx）。由于直接的HOx测量是很难获得的，使用日冕紫外辐射作为替代HOx生产可以帮助建立一个理解的贡献，电力产生的HOx大气氧化。氢氧化物自由基（特别是羟基自由基OH）是重要的氧化物质，控制着一氧化碳等有毒气体和甲烷等气候相关气体的浓度。此前，项目团队进行了实验室研究，测量金属物体和不同类型树叶上的电气和电晕放电产生的HOx排放。在这个项目中，他们将探索从雷暴和相关的带电砧紫外线辐射的实地测量。他们计划使用以下两种方法：（1）使用该团队最近建造的日盲紫外相机和日冕观测望远镜系统进行地面测量;以及（2）利用小型日盲探测器和摄像机，在气球上测量180-195纳米波段和240-280纳米波段的紫外线辐射，并测量压力，温度，露点温度声音和GPS定位从气球放电测量的紫外线辐射将量化紫外线辐射场，从而量化雷暴单体和砧中的HOx产生。项目小组的目标是：（1）确保所有重要的大气HOx产生放电已被识别;（2）大大减少计算大气放电对大气氧化影响的不确定性。该项目包括支持一名本科生和研究生，以及一名博士后，他们将接受培训，参与计划中的研究。这一努力对新的跨学科研究工作具有巨大的潜力，这些研究工作在大气化学和物理气象学、林业、植物生物学和电气工程之间架起了桥梁。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。