Collaborative Research: IIS: HCC: Small: The New Gatekeepers: Content Moderation and Information Threats in Local Communities

这个项目描绘了志愿版主如何作为当地公民信息的守门人，以及在线当地社区团体中信息威胁的第一反应者。这是朝着建立有效工具（社会、技术和政策）迈出的关键的第一步，这些工具可以支持在线社区团体的版主努力应对信息污染造成的威胁。美国社区的居民越来越依赖以地理为中心的在线小组来获取当地信息。这些地方团体有潜力提高美国社区的生活质量，帮助居民了解他们的社区，与邻居和当地组织建立联系，并确定重要的当地问题。然而，这些团体面临着对信息质量的重大威胁，包括误导/虚假信息活动、不文明行为和拖钓。在线社区小组的版主通常是未经训练的志愿者，他们是第一道防线。但是，仅向他们提供了一套有限的缓解威胁的工具和实践。因此，版主在应对信息威胁的同时，又要应对平台自身运作的变化、快速发展的用户实践以及当地问题日益政治化。该项目有三个目标：(1)评估平台公司如何为本地群组版主做好面对信息威胁的准备；(2)了解本地群组管理员如何在日常实践中管理信息威胁；(3)了解在信息质量威胁增加的时期，主持人实践如何应对挑战。这项研究的结果将扩展我们对如何更好地支持数字平台上的志愿版主的知识，因为他们被要求在日益复杂的地方信息基础设施中发挥新型看门人的作用。该项目通过(1)对三家平台公司（Facebook、Nextdoor和Reddit）向版主提供的工具和培训进行分析；(2)一项为期8周的异步远程社区研究，由当地群体的主持人参与；(3)高水平信息威胁条件下调节行为的跟踪访谈研究。这涉及到平台设计和功能，以及社会实践、行为和能力，从而为人机交互、信息科学和公共政策提供信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project maps how volunteer moderators are functioning as gatekeepers of local civic information and first responders to information threats within online local community groups. This is a crucial first step toward building effective tools (social, technological, and policy) that can support moderators of online community groups in their efforts to respond to the threats caused by information pollution. Residents of American communities increasingly rely on geographically focused online groups to access local information. These local groups have the potential to enhance the quality of life in American communities by helping residents learn about their communities, connect with neighbors and local organizations, and identify important local issues. However, these groups face significant threats to information quality, including mis/disinformation campaigns, incivility, and trolling. Moderators of online community groups are typically untrained volunteers who serve as a first line of defense. However, they are provided only a limited set of tools and practices for threat mitigation. As a result, moderators are in a tenuous position to respond to information threats while simultaneously navigating change in the workings of platforms themselves, rapidly evolving user practices, and the increasing politicization of local issues.This project has three goals: (1) assessing how well platform companies prepare local group moderators to face information threats; (2) understanding how local group moderators manage information threats in their everyday practices; (3) understanding how moderator practices respond to challenges during periods of increased information quality threat. The results of this research will expand our knowledge of how to better support volunteer moderators on digital platforms as they are asked to function as a new kind of gatekeeper in increasingly complex local information infrastructures. The project does this through (1) an analysis of the tools and trainings provided to moderators by three platform companies: Facebook, Nextdoor, and Reddit; (2) an eight-week asynchronous remote community study with moderators of local groups; and (3) a follow-up interview study examining moderator practices during conditions of high-levels of information threat. This involves grappling with platform design and affordances, as well as social practices, behaviors, and competencies, so as to inform human-computer interaction, information science, and public policy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.