STTR Phase I: Integrated Chemical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Energy Storage

该小型企业技术转让（STTR）项目解决储能技术创新的更广泛影响/商业潜力。能源存储是能源公用事业行业的一项关键技术，可以提供更可靠、更实惠的能源供应、更清洁的环境和更强大的能源基础设施。储能的具体优势包括在风暴和其他自然灾害期间提供强劲的能源供应，有助于应对和恢复工作。这项技术还可以在物理和网络安全威胁时期保持发电厂和电网的正常运行。该项目使电网具有良好的稳定性和发电厂的灵活性，以适应各种可再生能源技术的发展和电气化运输系统的扩展。STTR第一期项目旨在解决能源存储方面的技术创新。由于这种存储而降低的平准化电力成本可以直接使美国和全球的最终用户和更广泛的人口受益。值得注意的是，现有的机械存储技术具有许多吸引人的特点，如短至中负载响应、黑启动、鲁棒性、长寿命、安全性和效率，但这些技术在满足可扩展性、可靠性和紧凑性指标方面表现不佳。另一方面，化学存储具有中负荷响应、长寿命和可扩展性，但在安全性、短负荷响应、黑启动和效率方面存在不足。提出的解决方案允许能源公司探索低成本技术，这些技术可以提供更好的性能，并且可以很容易地与现有的化石发电厂集成。主要的创新是结合了机械和化学存储技术，因此最终的技术能够以更低的资本、操作和维护成本提供更好的性能。本文提出的机械和化学混合系统使用超临界二氧化碳（sCO2）作为机械储存部件，而化学储存则使用天然气或氢气来实现。这种提出的技术被称为集成化学和sCO2储能（ICsCO2ES）。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/ commercial potential of this Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) project to address a technological innovation in energy storage. Energy storage is a critical technology for the energy utility industries offering more reliable and affordable energy supply, a cleaner environment, and stronger energy infrastructure. Specific advantages of energy storage include a robust energy supply during storms and other natural disasters, aiding response and recovery efforts. This technology may also keep power plants and the grid functioning in times of physical and cyber-security threats. The project enables excellent grid stability and power plant flexibility to accommodate the growth of various renewable energy technologies and the expansion of electrified transportation systems. This STTR Phase 1 project proposes to address a technological innovation in energy storage. The reduced Levelized Electricity Cost due to this storage can directly benefit the end-users and broader population in the US and across the globe. Notably, existing mechanical storage technologies have many attractive features such as short to mid-load response, black start, robust, long life, safety, and efficiency, but these technologies are not good at meeting scalability, reliability, and compactness metrics. On the other hand, chemical storage has mid-load response, long-lifetime, and scalability, but is inadequate with regard to safety, short-load response, black start, and efficiency. The proposed solution allows energy companies to explore low-cost technologies that can offer better performance and can be easily integrated with existing fossil power plants. The primary innovation combines mechanical and chemical storage technologies so that the resultant technology adapts the best features to provide enhanced performance at a cheaper capital, operational, and maintenance cost. The hybrid mechanical and chemical system proposed here uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the mechanical storage component, while chemical storage is achieved using natural gas or hydrogen. This proposed technology is referred to as an integrated chemical and sCO2 energy storage (ICsCO2ES).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.