MRI: Development of Full Vector Vibrating Sample Magnetometry for Materials Research and Education

该主要研究仪器奖为三轴振动样品磁强计（VSM）的发展提供资金，以表征各向异性磁性材料。磁力计是一种可以表征磁性物质的仪器，例如粘在冰箱门上的磁铁。为了充分表征磁性材料，有必要测量磁偶极矩矢量的所有三个分量。然而，三轴VSM还没有商业化，在欧洲、日本和俄罗斯，过去只有少数几个研究实验室尝试过构建三轴VSM。该仪器的开发允许在大的温度和场范围内进行三轴测量。将开发的矢量线圈集对于理解具有随磁场方向变化的磁性的各向异性材料的磁性非常重要。这些新工具有望加强现有的研究，促进学术界和工业界之间的新合作，并将为美洲带来全矢量磁强计和扭矩能力。目前正在制定具体的计划，将新工具整合到每年的物理、MSEC和制造工程的几门研究生课程中，并将该工具用于科学与工程学院的高中推广活动和学徒暑期研究项目。仪器开发将由一名研究生和一名本科生完成。一旦该工具在德克萨斯州立大学和其他地方的多个研究生项目中得到实现和测试，预计其影响将会更大。该仪器开发奖旨在开发三轴振动样品磁强计（VSM），以同时测量样品的磁偶极矩的所有三个组成部分，并允许矢量扭矩磁强计作为温度的函数。研究人员将为两个现有的vsm设计和实现三轴线圈组，而不是设计一个全新的仪器。该方法允许短跑道，从现有的用户池中受益，增加了新测量工具的可采用率，并产生了大的测量参数窗口（0-9特斯拉，2.8-1000 K）。该方法可用于各种材料的表征。该项目将直接加强5个不同学术项目（物理、化学、制造工程、电气工程和MSEC）的研究。所实现的矢量扭矩磁强计将使研究人员能够研究具有复杂磁各向异性能量表面的材料，这些材料的各向异性来自形状、应变、表面、台阶、流动和沉积过程中施加的磁场。这种材料不容易用传统的扭矩磁强计来研究。研究的材料包括用于新型传感器和致动器的斜向共沉积NiFe薄膜，在各向异性邻近衬底上的应变掺铁外延（InGa）2O3薄膜，目前正在探索作为无锂电池电极材料的镍铁氢氧化物和氧化物，以及通过磁场辅助增材制造（MFAAM）沉积的磁性复合材料。通过二维（喷墨）或三维（熔丝制造）打印磁性纳米复合材料在外加磁场下沉积的MFAAM材料具有增强的性能，包括更高的剩磁，更大的磁化率和/或更强的磁各向异性。开发的线圈组和方法将通过项目网站和同行评审的出版物进行传播，以允许其他研究小组在其VSM中实现三轴能力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Major Research Instrumentation award provides funding for the development of triaxial vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) to characterize anisotropic magnetic materials. A magnetometer is an instrument that allows one to characterize magnetic material, for example the magnets that stick to your refrigerator door. To fully characterize magnetic materials, it is necessary to measure all three components of the magnetic dipole moment vector. Triaxial VSMs however are not commercially available and less than a handful of research labs in Europe, Japan and Russia have attempted in the past to build a triaxial VSM. The instrument development allows for triaxial measurements to be done over a large temperature and field range. The vector coil sets that will be developed is extremely important for understanding the magnetic properties of anisotropic materials that have magnetic properties that vary with field direction. The new tools are expected to strengthen existing research and lead to new collaborations among academia and industry and will bring full vector magnetometry and torque capabilities to the Americas. Concrete plans are being developed to integrate the new tool in several graduate courses in Physics, MSEC, and Manufacturing Engineering each year and use the instrument for high school outreach activities and apprentice summer research programs in the College of Science and Engineering. The instrumentation development will be done by a graduate and undergraduate student. It is expected that the impact is much larger though once the tool is realized and tested with multiple graduate projects at Texas State and elsewhere benefiting from this unique capability. This instrument development award is to develop triaxial vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) to measure all three components of the sample’s magnetic dipole moment simultaneously and allow for vector torque magnetometry as a function of temperature. Rather than designing a completely new instrument, the researcher will design and realize triaxial coil sets for two existing VSMs. The approach allows for a short runway, increases the adoptability of the new measurement tool benefitting from the existing user pool for both tools, and results in a large measurement parameter window (0-9 tesla, 2.8-1000 K). The method will be useful for the characterization of a wide range of materials. The project will directly enhance the research in 5 different academic programs (Physics, Chemistry, Manufacturing Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and MSEC). The realized vector torque magnetometer will enable researchers to study materials that have a complex magnetic anisotropy energy surface with multiple anisotropies originating from shape, strain, surface, step, flow, and a magnetic field applied during deposition. Such materials cannot be easily studied with a conventional torque magnetometer. Materials to be studied include oblique co-deposited NiFe films to be used in novel sensors and actuators, strained Fe doped epitaxial (InGa)2O3 films on anisotropic vicinal substrates, Nickel-Iron hydroxides and oxides that are currently being explored as electrode materials in lithium free batteries, and magnetic composites deposited by Magnetic Field Assisted Additive Manufacturing (MFAAM). MFAAM materials that are deposited by 2D (inkjet) or 3D (Fused Filament Fabrication) printing magnetic nanocomposites under applied magnetic field appear to have enhanced properties including a higher remanence, a larger susceptibility, and/or a stronger magnetic anisotropy. The coil sets and methods developed will be disseminated via the project’s website and peer-reviewed publications to allow other research groups to implement triaxial capability for their VSM.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.