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Comparative history of religious orders, history of institutions

宗教团体的比较历史、机构的历史

基本信息

批准号：
253101728
负责人：
Professor Dr. Gert Melville
金额：
--
依托单位：
Forschungsstelle für Vergleichende Ordensgeschichte / FOVOG - Dresden
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/253101728?language=en
关键词：
Comparative history religious orders institutions

项目摘要

The project’s aim is to answer the question of how the organisational mechanisms of medieval religious orders functioned. Orders required continuous acts of governance to ensure that the use of their spiritual and material resources was maximised and to prevent or respond to disturbances, deviances or other shortcomings. As a part of this task the order’s central institutions (general chapters, visitations), were permanently obliged to make decisions in individual cases, these decisions being based on the parameters of the respective norms, documenting and archiving the resulting material.In this project these serial texts will be subjected to a systematic analysis for the first time. Even though their editions are easily accessible, they have only been used as quarries for the investigation of specific questions up to now. These traditional approaches completely neglect their importance as remarkable sources with a high degree of creative rationality which allowed the stringently adopted use of formal processes already in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Because of their practice of regular documentation and their ability to formalise processes focused on decision making, the religious orders are seen as institutions with model character by the project and it is intended to prove this assumption from the perspective of cultural as well as institutional history.Even though the state of research on the institutional preconditions and the normative structures for the orders’ actual control may be regarded as adequate by now – in fact establishing a platform for the intended project – the low degree of analytical work on the material’s information concerning the orders’ actual government requires a selection of sources. For this reason the project will focus on the Cistercians, the Cluniacs and the Dominicans, because these orders offer an excellent basis for comparison based on the variety of their traditions, their constitution and their guiding ideas. The fact that they are the medieval orders with the best survival rate of the necessary sources increases their suitability. The second restriction will be the period covered by the investigation. Given the continuity of the organisational structures, it will be sufficient to limit the study of the extensive serial sources on a number of decades in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.For the analysis of the sources methods of microhistory will be applied. Since procedural processes targeted at the reduction of complexities were formalised, there will be an extensive and varied range of routine events which can be structured by cataloguing their constitutive elements. The integration of individual cases into an analytical pattern will allow an assessment of the efficiency of control mechanisms. The systematic study of the complexities in the numerous cases beyond the routine activities will indicate the potential and limits of procedures. This will be followed by a typological survey of the spectrum of control mechanisms and the procedures to coordinate them – including the approaches of Governance-Research. The ultimate aim will be to reconstruct the orders’ applied mechanisms of government and control which – because of their rational design and their sophisticated procedures – were far ahead of their times.

该项目的目的是回答中世纪宗教秩序的组织机制如何运作的问题。秩序需要持续的治理行为，以确保最大限度地利用其精神和物质资源，并防止或应对骚乱、越轨或其他缺陷。作为这项任务的一部分，骑士团的中央机构（一般章节、探视）有永久义务就个别案件做出决定，这些决定基于各自规范的参数，记录和存档所得到的材料。在这个项目中，这些系列文本将首次受到系统分析。尽管它们的版本很容易获得，但迄今为止它们仅被用作调查特定问题的采石场。这些传统方法完全忽视了它们作为具有高度创造性理性的非凡来源的重要性，这使得在十二和十三世纪就可以严格采用正式流程。由于宗教团体定期记录文件的做法以及将决策过程正式化的能力，宗教团体被该项目视为具有典范特征的机构，其目的是从文化和制度历史的角度证明这一假设。尽管目前对团体实际控制的制度先决条件和规范结构的研究状况可能被认为是足够的——实际上是为预期项目建立了一个平台—— 对有关命令实际政府的材料信息的分析工作程度较低，需要选择来源。因此，该项目将重点关注西多会、克吕尼会和多米尼加会，因为这些教团为根据其传统、宪法和指导思想的多样性提供了良好的比较基础。事实上，它们是中世纪的命令，具有最好的必要来源的存活率，这增加了它们的适用性。第二个限制是调查范围。考虑到组织结构的连续性，限制对十二、十三世纪数十年的广泛连续来源的研究就足够了。对于来源的分析，将采用微观历史方法。由于旨在降低复杂性的程序流程已正式化，因此将存在广泛且多样化的例行事件，可以通过对其构成要素进行编目来构建这些例行事件。将个案纳入分析模式将有助于评估控制机制的效率。对常规活动之外的众多案例的复杂性进行系统研究将表明程序的潜力和局限性。接下来将对控制机制的范围和协调它们的程序进行类型学调查——包括治理研究的方法。最终目标将是重建这些命令的政府和控制的应用机制，由于其合理的设计和复杂的程序，这些机制远远领先于时代。