Political Context, the Press, and Violence Against the Media

该项目将审查对新闻工作者实施暴力的条件。人们普遍认为，媒体是一个在善治中发挥关键作用的机构，它可以追究有权势的行为者的责任。然而，正是这种立场有时会使记者和其他媒体工作者容易受到国家和非国家行为者的压力，从威胁到拘留到直接杀害。该项目将产生一组关于全世界媒体死亡的新数据，以及一系列关于特定国家内其他形式媒体暴力的数据。该项目将提供系统的证据，说明不同类型的犯罪者对媒体实施致命和非致命暴力的原因和后果。该项目的成果将提高学者和从业人员对媒体何时、何地以及如何成为攻击目标的理解，这具有重大的安全、法律的和人权影响。为了检验这些理论命题，将收集1992-2020年期间全世界媒体人员所有被杀和非自然死亡的一套新的综合数据。这些跨国数据将得到几个国家内一系列国家以下一级数据库的补充，这些数据库衡量其他形式的暴力侵害媒体行为，包括威胁、逮捕和袭击。该项目的成果将有助于现有的关于媒体自由、政治暴力和法治的学术研究。产生的数据集将向更广泛的学术界公开，以便专家们可以将这些数据用于自己的研究目的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

This project will examine the conditions under which violence is perpetrated against members of the press. The media is generally seen as an institution playing a crucial role in good governance by holding powerful actors to account. Yet it is precisely this position that can sometimes make journalists and other media workers vulnerable to pressure by both state and non-state actors, from threats to detention to outright killings. This project will produce a new data set of media deaths worldwide, alongside a series of data sets on other forms of media violence within specific countries. The project will provide systematic evidence of the causes and consequences of both lethal and non-lethal violence committed by different sorts of perpetrators against the media. Results from this project will improve the understanding of scholars and practitioners of when, where, and how the media are targeted, which has substantial security, legal, and human rights implications.This project will develop a theoretical framework examining the contexts under which various forms of violence against the media by state and non-state perpetrators takes place. To test these theoretical propositions, a new and comprehensive data set covering all killings and non-natural deaths of members of the media worldwide will be collected for the period 1992-2020. These cross-national data will be complemented by a series of sub-national databases within several countries measuring other forms violence against the media, including threats, arrests, and attacks. Results from this project will contribute to existing scholarly research on media freedoms, political violence, and the rule of law. The data sets generated will be made publicly available to the wider scholarly community so that experts can employ these data for their own research purposes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.