Political Context, the Press, and Violence Against the Media

该项目将审查对新闻界人士实施暴力的情况。媒体通常被视为通过让强大的行为者承担责任而在良好治理中发挥关键作用的机构。然而，正是这种立场有时会使记者和其他媒体工作者容易受到国家和非国家行为者的压力，从威胁拘留到彻底杀戮。该项目将生成一个新的全球媒体死亡数据集，以及一系列有关特定国家内其他形式媒体暴力的数据集。该项目将提供系统证据，说明不同类型的肇事者针对媒体实施的致命和非致命暴力的原因和后果。该项目的结果将提高学者和从业者对媒体何时、何地以及如何成为攻击目标的理解，这对安全、法律和人权具有重大影响。该项目将开发一个理论框架，研究国家和非国家肇事者针对媒体实施各种形式暴力的背景。为了检验这些理论命题，将收集 1992 年至 2020 年期间全球媒体成员所有杀戮和非自然死亡的新的综合数据集。这些跨国数据将得到多个国家内一系列次国家级数据库的补充，这些数据库衡量针对媒体的其他形式的暴力行为，包括威胁、逮捕和袭击。该项目的结果将有助于现有关于媒体自由、政治暴力和法治的学术研究。生成的数据集将向更广泛的学术界公开，以便专家可以将这些数据用于自己的研究目的。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will examine the conditions under which violence is perpetrated against members of the press. The media is generally seen as an institution playing a crucial role in good governance by holding powerful actors to account. Yet it is precisely this position that can sometimes make journalists and other media workers vulnerable to pressure by both state and non-state actors, from threats to detention to outright killings. This project will produce a new data set of media deaths worldwide, alongside a series of data sets on other forms of media violence within specific countries. The project will provide systematic evidence of the causes and consequences of both lethal and non-lethal violence committed by different sorts of perpetrators against the media. Results from this project will improve the understanding of scholars and practitioners of when, where, and how the media are targeted, which has substantial security, legal, and human rights implications.This project will develop a theoretical framework examining the contexts under which various forms of violence against the media by state and non-state perpetrators takes place. To test these theoretical propositions, a new and comprehensive data set covering all killings and non-natural deaths of members of the media worldwide will be collected for the period 1992-2020. These cross-national data will be complemented by a series of sub-national databases within several countries measuring other forms violence against the media, including threats, arrests, and attacks. Results from this project will contribute to existing scholarly research on media freedoms, political violence, and the rule of law. The data sets generated will be made publicly available to the wider scholarly community so that experts can employ these data for their own research purposes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.