How snow modulates hydrogeomorphic change and recovery after fire

雪如何调节水文地貌变化和火灾后的恢复

• 批准号: 2302594
• 负责人: Stephanie Kampf
• 金额: $ 72.79万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2302594&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: How; snow; modulates; hydrogeomorphic; change

In the aftermath of wildfires, flooding, erosion, and debris flows can damage buildings, infrastructure, and waterways. This research will examine the role that snow plays in both short-term hazards and longer-term landscape recovery from fire. Focusing on the 2020 Cameron Peak and East Troublesome burn scars in northern Colorado, the project addresses how and why post-fire hazards and vegetation recovery vary between snow zones of the Rocky Mountains. Initial observations at these fires indicate that burned areas with limited snow have greater flooding, erosion, and debris flow activity during the first few years after fire compared to locations with deep winter snowpack. In contrast, vegetation recovery has proceeded more rapidly in low snow than in high snow areas. The research will explore reasons for these differences between snow zones, with the aim to identify what types of settings are most vulnerable to post-fire hazards. Findings will inform flash flood forecasts and help land managers prioritize actions such as erosion mitigation and channel stabilization. The project incorporates public outreach through a citizen science stream monitoring program and presentations to stakeholders, and it includes a 5th grade river field day, education resources for K-12 teachers, and undergraduate and graduate student training. The research will involve two main components: (1) evaluating causes of post-fire hazards during the first 1-3 years post-fire, and (2) examining snow changes and their effects on vegetation recovery over a decade or more post-fire. The hazard analysis will examine three possible causes for greater post-fire hazards in lower snow zones: (1) higher rainfall intensity; (2) greater overland flow generation, and (3) greater hillslope-stream connectivity. Rainfall analyses will use rain gauges and gridded rainfall products; overland flow analyses will use stream stage measurements and rill network mapping from drone imagery, and hillslope-stream connectivity metrics will be computed from LiDAR and drone topographic data. The snow and vegetation analysis will incorporate both a field and a remote sensing component. Field measurements will compare snowpack in burned and unburned areas, with a focus on how tree char depth affects snow albedo. Vegetation plot surveys and drone imagery will document vegetation recovery rates. Remote sensing analyses will extend the findings beyond the study fires to the full Southern Rockies eco-region, evaluating fire effects on snow-free dates and post-fire vegetation recovery rates. The combination of local field observations and regional scale analysis will enable connecting site-specific findings to their implications for larger watersheds. This award is co-funded by the Hydrologic Sciences and Gemorphology & Land-use Dynamics programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

野火过后，洪水、侵蚀和泥石流会破坏建筑物、基础设施和水道。这项研究将研究雪在短期灾害和长期景观恢复中的作用。聚焦于2020年卡梅隆峰和东卡梅隆烧伤疤痕在北方科罗拉多，该项目解决如何以及为什么火灾后的危害和植被恢复不同的落基山脉的雪区。这些火灾的初步观察表明，与冬季积雪较深的地区相比，在火灾后的头几年里，积雪有限的烧毁地区有更大的洪水，侵蚀和泥石流活动。相比之下，植被恢复进行得更快，在低雪比在高雪地区。该研究将探讨雪区之间这些差异的原因，旨在确定哪些类型的设置最容易受到火灾后的危害。调查结果将为山洪暴发预测提供信息，并帮助土地管理者优先考虑减轻侵蚀和稳定渠道等行动。该项目通过公民科学流监测计划和向利益相关者的演示文稿整合了公共宣传，其中包括五年级的河流实地日，K-12教师的教育资源以及本科生和研究生培训。 研究将包括两个主要部分：（1）评估火灾后1-3年内火灾后危害的原因，（2）研究火灾后十年或更长时间内积雪变化及其对植被恢复的影响。灾害分析将检查低雪区火灾后灾害更大的三个可能原因：（1）更高的降雨强度;（2）更大的地表径流产生，以及（3）更大的山坡-溪流连通性。降雨分析将使用雨量计和网格化降雨产品;地表径流分析将使用无人机图像的河流水位测量和细沟网络测绘，山坡-河流连通性指标将根据激光雷达和无人机地形数据计算。积雪和植被分析将包括实地和遥感两个部分。实地测量将比较烧毁和未烧毁地区的积雪，重点是树木烧焦深度如何影响积雪。植被地块调查和无人机图像将记录植被恢复率。遥感分析将把研究结果扩展到整个南落基山脉生态区，评估火灾对无雪日期和火灾后植被恢复率的影响。当地实地观察和区域尺度分析相结合，将能够将特定地点的调查结果与其对更大流域的影响联系起来。该奖项由水文科学和地貌学土地利用动力学项目共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。