3D Nanoprinting via Controlled Assembly of Molecules

加州大学戴维斯分校的刘刚宇教授在化学系高分子、超分子和纳米化学（MSN）项目的支持下，计划以纳米精度控制脂质等分子在空间中的排列方式。 控制分子如何组装代表了化学研究的前沿领域，需要深入了解分子在组装过程中如何相互作用。这项工作设想通过以下方式实现这些目标：（1）能够递送含有具有吸引力相互作用的分子的溶液的超小液滴（sub-aL）;（2）在液滴干燥期间控制空间限制的几何形状;以及（3）控制每个结构内的分子堆积。更好地理解这些基本化学属性有可能将增材制造的能力扩展到纳米尺度，即，3D纳米打印，可用于生产纳米传感器，量子电子器件和工程细胞和新材料。与当地社区学院合作，培训和研究将使来自代表性不足群体的研究生和本科生走到纳米技术的最前沿，并帮助他们成为未来化学领域的领导者，如3D纳米打印。使用最先进的纳米流体输送与原子力显微镜的集成，超小液滴，亚飞升溶液将被输送到衬底上的指定位置。实验参数的影响（例如，孔径尺寸、递送压力、接触时间、局部表面张力）对纳米流体装置中的单个液滴体积的影响将被系统地研究以实现亚aL递送。在溶剂蒸发期间，分子将在收缩的液滴边界的引导（或控制）下组装，从而控制每个结构内的分子堆积。拟议的工作旨在通过克服有吸引力的分子间相互作用（例如，与碳水化合物）和集体分子相互作用（例如，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

With the support of the Macromolecular, Supramolecular and Nanochemistry (MSN) Program in the Division of Chemistry, Professor Gang-yu Liu of University of California, Davis, plans to control how molecules, such as lipid, arrange in space, with nanometer precision. Controlling how molecules assemble represents a frontier area of research in chemistry, requires the proposed deep understanding of how molecules interact during the assembly processes. The work envisions achieving these goals by, (1) enabling the delivery of ultrasmall droplet (sub-aL) of solutions containing molecules with attractive interactions; (2) controlling the geometry of spatial confinement during drying of droplet, and (3) controlling the molecular packing within each structure. Better understanding of these fundamental chemical attributes has the potential to extend the capability of additive manufacturing to the nanometer scale, i.e., 3D nanoprinting, which could be used for production of nanosensors, quantum electronic devices and engineered cells and new materials. In conjunction with a local community college, the training and research will bring graduate and undergraduate students from under-represented groups to the forefront of nanotechnology and help position them to be future leaders in chemistry in areas such as 3D-nanoprinting.Using a state-of-the-art integration of nanofluidic delivery with an atomic force microscope, ultrasmall droplets, sub-femtoliter solutions will be delivered to designated locations on substrates. The impact of experimental parameters (e.g., aperture size, delivery pressure, contact time, local surface tensions) on the individual droplet volume in the nanofluidic setup will be systematically investigated to achieve sub-aL delivery. During solvent evaporation, molecules will assemble as guided (or controlled) by the shrinking droplet boundaries thereby controlling the molecular packing within each structure. The proposed work aims to demonstrate the concept of controlled deposition by overcoming attractive intermolecular interactions (e.g., with carbohydrates) and collective molecular interactions (e.g., with lipids).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.