EAGER: Collaborative Research: Monitoring Nearshore Ice and Closing the Arctic Tide-gauge Gap with GNSS-Reflectometry (MONICA)

EAGER：合作研究：利用 GNSS 反射测量监测近岸冰层并缩小北极潮位间隙 (MONICA)

• 批准号: 2321314
• 负责人: Andrew Mahoney
• 金额: $ 6.62万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2321314&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Collaborative; Research; Monitoring; Nearshore

Accurate and seamless monitoring of water levels along the coast can lead to economic and societal benefits by improving storm-surge forecasting, informing emergency responses, promoting safe navigation, and improving mapping and charting efforts. However, only a limited number of tide gauges are located along Alaska’s western and northern coastline. This scarcity of tide gauges is primarily attributed to the challenging weather conditions for installation and maintenance, as well as the seasonal presence of sea ice. Simultaneously, routine monitoring of coastal sea ice is also insufficient, despite its crucial role among coastal communities for harvesting marine wildlife and for safe navigation. The aim of the project is to develop an efficient and effective strategy for continuously monitoring the Arctic coastal marine environment by detecting the presence of sea ice, the onset and detachment of landfast ice, and measuring the water level throughout the year. To achieve this goal, the project intends to develop a novel technology to monitor water level and sea ice year-round by building technical innovations on the state-of-the-art Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Reflectometry, referred to as a GNSS-R Water-Ice observation System (GRWIS).GNSS-R, which utilizes GNSS multipath signals, has become widely employed for monitoring water levels by measuring the geometric variation of reflecting surfaces. However, relatively few studies to date have explored the use of GNSS-R for monitoring sea ice. This project will leverage the capabilities of GNSS-R technique, which not only enables measurements of the reflector heights but also calculates the roughness of the reflector, e.g., the confidence level of retrieval (CLR). This project will investigate an optimized use of CLR to determine the presence of sea ice and landfast ice. The detected ice will be differentiated between landfast from open ocean or drifting ice by cross validating them against field observations and other data collected by sea ice radar systems and satellite imagery. Moreover, the GRWIS will monitor both the vertical and horizontal motion of the sea ice and this ice monitoring method will be facilitated by another novel ice monitoring technology, the Gamma portable radar interferometer (GPRI). The GPRI will assess and validate the sensitivity of GRWIS measurements to horizontal motion of sea ice that will aid in understanding the potential impact on water level measurements and determining the feasibility of GNSS-based observations for assessing the stability of landfast ice.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对沿海地区水位的准确和无缝监测可以通过改善暴风雨预测，告知紧急响应，促进安全导航以及改善映射和图表工作，从而导致经济和社会福利。但是，只有有限数量的潮汐仪位于阿拉斯加的西部和北海岸线。潮汐仪的这种稀缺主要归因于安装和维护的挑战天气条件以及海冰的季节性存在。同时，尽管沿海社区在收获海洋野生动植物和安全的航行中，对沿海海冰的常规监测也不足。该项目的目的是制定一种有效有效的策略，以通过检测海冰的存在，Landfast Ice的发作和脱离并全年测量水位来继续监测北极沿海海洋环境。为了实现这一目标，该项目打算通过建立最先进的全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）反映的技术创新来制定一项新技术来监视水位和海冰，这反映了gnss-r含水冰观测系统（GRWIS）.gnss-r，以衡量GNS的多种多样的速率，从而衡量了gnss-r含水冰系统（GRWIS）。表面。但是，迄今为止，很少有研究探索了GNSS-R用于监测海冰的使用。该项目将利用GNSS-R技术的功能，不仅可以测量反射器高度，而且还可以计算反射器的粗糙度，例如检索的置信度（CLR）。该项目将调查CLR的优化使用，以确定海冰和Landfast冰的存在。检测到的冰块将通过横跨海洋与冰冰区分开，通过对海冰雷达系统和卫星图像收集的其他数据进行交叉验证。此外，GRWIS将监视海冰的垂直和水平运动，而这种冰监测方法将由另一种新型的冰监测技术（GAMMA便携式雷达干涉仪（GPRI））制备。 GPRI将评估和验证GRWIS测量对海冰水平运动的敏感性，这将有助于理解潜在的对水位测量的影响，并确定基于GNSS的观测值的可行性，以评估Landfast ICE的稳定性评估NSF的法定任务，并通过评估范围来评估NSF的法定任务，并通过评估范围来评估基金会的支持。