Phylogeny and evolution of the aculeate Hymenoptera

有刺膜翅目的系统发育和进化

• 批准号: 262540208
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Ohl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung (MfN)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/262540208?language=en
• 关键词: Phylogeny; evolution; aculeate; Hymenoptera

With more than 50,000 species , aculeate Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants and relatives) is a remarkably diverse group within the order, which has attracted evolutionary and phylogenetic studies due to its diversity and its complex behaviors, including high sociality, since a long time. Nevertheless, the phylogeny is not sufficiently clarified and understood. Both recent molecular and morphological studies have usually covered the entire Hymenoptera and suffer from an insufficient taxon sampling in the aculeate branch of the Hymenoptera tree. Most morphological characters have been extracted from the literature and are often not properly documented. The project aims at the creation of a comprehensive, high-quality data set for the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships within Aculeata. Emphasis is on taxa, which are putatively paraphyletic or at least their phylogenetic status questionable. Characters will be emphasized, which have been neglected in previous studies or whose homology is dubious. The basis of the current project is a substantial taxon-sampling, innovative morphological techniques (e.g., 3D-reconstruction and micro-CT, in combination with SEM), and finally an innovative, detailled documentation of characters. All morphological data will be connected to the US-project Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO), which is associated with Morphbank. This allows to submit and store all data and images in appropriate database structures. On the basis of the resulting, comprehensive data matrix, the phylogeny of the Aculeata will be reconstructed. On the basis of the resulting hypotheses, evolutionary scenarios of character evolution will be discussed.

有翅膜翅目昆虫（包括黄蜂、蜜蜂、蚂蚁及其近亲）的种类超过5万种，由于其多样性和复杂的行为（包括高度的社会性），长期以来一直受到进化和系统发育研究的关注。然而，系统发育还没有得到充分的澄清和理解。最近的分子和形态学研究通常涵盖了整个膜翅目，并且在膜翅目树的针叶分支中存在分类单位采样不足的问题。大多数形态学特征是从文献中提取出来的，通常没有适当的记录。该项目旨在创建一个全面的、高质量的数据集，用于重建Aculeata内的系统发育关系。重点是分类群，这些分类群被认为是副类群，或者至少它们的系统发育状态值得怀疑。强调在以往的研究中被忽略或同源性不确定的字符。当前项目的基础是大量的分类取样，创新的形态学技术（例如，3d重建和micro-CT，结合扫描电镜），最后是一个创新的，详细的字符文档。所有形态学数据将连接到美国项目膜翅目解剖本体（HAO），该项目与Morphbank相关。这允许在适当的数据库结构中提交和存储所有数据和图像。在得到的综合数据矩阵的基础上，对针叶鱼的系统发育进行重构。在所得假设的基础上，将讨论性格进化的进化情景。